Regional Anatomy I midterm
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100 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 components of a lever system | lever arm fulcrum(F) force (P) resistance (R) |
| Class I lever system | fulcrum b/w resistance and force P-down, R up |
| class II lever system | fulcrum then resistance than force p-up |
| class III lever system | fulcrum then force then resistence P-up |
| line of action and lever arm in a muscle contraction | line of action decreases lever arm increases |
| parallel muscles | -strap and fusiform -fibers run parallel to each other -long muscles which cause large movements, are not very strong but have good endurance ie sartorius or SCM |
| pennate muscles | * Unipennate: fibres arranged to insert in a diagonal direction onto the tendon, which allows great strength. ie Lumbricales and Extensor Digitorum * Bipennate: two rows of muscle fibres, facing in opposite diagonal directions,with a central tendon, like a feather. This allows even greater power but less range of motion. i.e. Rectus Femoris * Multipennate: multiple rows of diagonal fibres, with a central tendon which branches into two or more tendons. ie. the Deltoid three sections, anterior, posterior and middle. |
| isotonic | force exerted produces motion |
| isometric | force exerted without motion |
| a muscle must cross a joint for | movement to occur |
| during contraction force exerted by a muscle at all of its attachments is _____ | even |
| movement of a joint is determined by the _____ of all the activity of all muscles whose ______ cross the axis of rotation | sum, line of action |
| stablized bone____ bone that moves_____ | generally-- origin insertion |
| the _____of a muscle is a function of its _________area and the ______of its _____arm | force, cross sectional, length, lever |
| extremities appear as | ventrolateral folds of the body wall |
| upper limb bud appears what day and where | day 24 at lower cervical segments |
| lower limb bud appears what day and where | day 26 at lumbar and upper sacral segments |
| what exerts inductive influence | apical ectodermal ridge |
| hand and foot plates form by what week | week 6 |
| fingers formed by what day | day 54 |
| toes formed by what day | day 56 |
| what aggregates to form a large muscle mass around bone | myoblasts |
| dorsal muscle mass separates into | extensor mass |
| ventral muscle mass separates into | flexor mass |
| upper limb rotation | rotate laterally and caudal |
| lower limb rotation | rotate medially and caudal |
| vasculature of upper extremity | ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic A/V, R subclavian A/V, axillary A/V, brachial A/V, radial/ulnar A/V, palmar arches, cephalic/basilic V, medial cubital V, median antebrachial V dorsal venous network |
| CN XI and C2-4 | Upper Trap, SCM |
| thoracodorsal N (C6-8) | Lat Dorsi, Teres Major (also lower scapular N) |
| dorsal scapular N (C4-5) | rhomboid major and minor levator scapula |
| suprascapular N (C5-6) | supraspinatus infraspinatus |
| subscapular N (C5-6) | subscapularis |
| Pectoral N (C5-T1) (medial and lateral) | Pec major clavicular, sternal, abdominal, and minor |
| subclavius N (C5-6) | suclavius |
| long thoracic N (C5-7) | serratus anticus |
| musculocutaneous N(C5-7) | corachobrachialis brachialis biceps brachii |
| median N (C5-T1) | pronator teres, FCR, PL, FDS, FDP, Abd PB, FPB, OP, FPL, pronator quatratus, lumbricales |
| ulnar N (C8-T1) | FCU, FDP, Add P, ODM, FDM, Abd DM, PB, dorsal and palmar interossei |
| radial N (C5-T1) | Triceps, anconeus, brachialis, brachioradialis, ECR-L, ECR-B, ED, EDM, ECU, supinator, Abd PL, EPB, EPL, EI |
| axillary N (C5-6) | deltoids Teres minor |
| subclavian A branches | internal thoracic vertebral costocervical trunk thyrocervical trunk |
| axillary A branches | subscapular superior thoracic thoracoacromial lateral thoracic circumflex scapular circumflex |
| thoracoacromial A branches | acromial clavicular deltoid pectoral |
| circumflex A branches | anterior and posterior humoral |
| brachial A branches | superficial deep: deltoid and radial collateral superior ulnar collateral inferior ulnar collateral |
| tributaries of subclavian V | pectoral dorsal scapular thoracoacromial |
| tributaries of axillary V | lateral thoracic thoracoepigastric areolar |
| shoulder adduction | teres major corachobrachialis lat dorsi PMS/A Anterior deltoid |
| shoulder aBduction | supraspinatus middle deltoid posterior deltoid |
| flexion (shoulder) | anterior deltoid corachobrachialis PMC biceps brachii |
| extension (shoulder) | lat dorsi post delt infraspinatus teres major and minor |
| medial rotation (shoulder) | teres major ant delt lat dorsi subscapularis PMS/A |
| lateral rotation (shoulder) | teres minor post delt infraspinatus |
| scapula retraction | mid trap rhomboid major and minor |
| protraction scapula | pec minor serratus anterior |
| upward/superior rotation scapula | lower and upper trap, serratus anterior |
| downward rotation scapula | rhomboid major and minor levator scap pec minor |
| elevation scapula | upper tap levator scap |
| depression scapula | lower trap pec minor |
| elevation of ribs | pec minor |
| scapula stabilization | serratus anterior |
| clavicle medially and stabilization | subclavius |
| limb segments | girdle-upper-lower-transition-terminal shoulder-humerus-ulna/radius-wrist-fingers/hand hips-femur-tibia/fibula-ankle-foot |
| triangular space boundaries | superior: teres minor inferior: teres major lateral: long head of the triceps |
| triangular space contents | circumflex scapular A |
| Quadrangular space boundaries | sup: teres minor and subscapularis inf: teres major med: longhead of triceps lat: humerus |
| quad space contents | axillary N posterior humeral circumflex A |
| triangular interval boundaries | sup: teres major med: long head of triceps lat: medial head of triceps |
| triangle of ausculatation boundaries | inf: sup fibers of lat dorsi med: trap lat: medial border of scapula floor: rhomboid major site of most clearly heard breathing sounds |
| deltopectoral triangle | deltopectoral groove: delt, pec maj, and cephalic v triangle: cephalic and basilic join axillary to form subclavian |
| axillary boundaries | med: upper ribs and serratus ant lat: humerus post: sub scap, teres maj, lat dorsi, ant: pec maj/min base: axillary fascia apex: space b/w clavicle, scapula and 1st rib |
| axillary contents | axillary A/V branches of brachial plexus, long and short head of biceps brachii corachobrachalis |
| sternoclavicular joint | -complex -manubrium and med end of clavicle -articular disc-relieves stress and incongruity -gliding, elev/depr, protr/retr (?circumd) |
| SC jt ligaments | -sternoclavicular (ant and post)-prevents dislocation -interclavicular -costoclavicular |
| SC ligament fx | SC lig strongest -post, weakest -ant inter- strengthens superiorly cc lig-anchors to 1st rib -rarely dislocates- clavicle will break 1st |
| acromioclavicular jt | lat clavicle and acromion -incomplete cartilage- simple jt -synovial -gliding -protraction/retraction -in conjunction with SC |
| AC jt ligaments | acromioclavicular coracoclavicular- conoid and trapezoid |
| AC jt lig fx | AC-strength superior CC- main jt strength -freq dislocates- CC will tear |
| glenohumeral joint | head of humerus with glenoid cavity -deepened by labrum(fibrocartilagenous) -synovial, ball and socket, simple -disarthrosis -flex/ext, abd/add, lat/ed rot, circumduction |
| GH jt ligaments general | articular ligaments (capsule is loose- reinforced by ligs) GH ligaments (glenoid to labrum) |
| coracohumeral ligament | supports weight of upper extemity -corocoid to greater tuberosity |
| transverse ligament | restrains bicipital tendon -greater tuberosity to lesser tuberosity |
| coracoacromial lig | -prevents superior displacement -transmits tensile forces from mm on corocoid to acromion and spine of scap -forms ca arch |
| "rotator cuff" | musculotendinous -supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor -keeps head pressed into fossa |
| 3 major bursae | subacromial subdeltoid subscapularis |
| subacromial bursa | -b/w acromion and coracoacromial lig and supraspinatus -comm w subdelt |
| subdeltoid bursa | -b/w delt and coracoacromial arch and tendon of supraspin |
| subscapularis bursa | -b/w tendon of subscap and neck of scap -comm w/ synovial cavity |
| superior to GH | -tendon of LH biceps B -tendon of supraspin -subacromial bursa -acromion -mid fibers of delt |
| anterior to GH | -opening of subscap bursa -subscapularis -corachobrachialis and SH of biceps B -ant fibers of delt and pec maj |
| inferior to GH | LH of triceps |
| posterior to GH | -infraspinatus -teres minor -post fibers of delt |
| most common GH dislocation | anterior (subcorocoid) -may injure axillary N |
| 3 jts of elbow | humeroradial humeroulnar proximal radioulnar -synovial and compound |
| humeroulnar | -hinge -medial/ulnar collateral ligament |
| humeroradial | -moves w/ above -lateral/radial collateral ligament (not really a joint-not really in contact- along for the ride with ulna) |
| prox radioulnar | -pivot -annular ligament |
| elbow movement | -flex/ext -pronation/supination |
| elbow carrying angle | males-5 degrees females-10-15 degrees |
| abnormal angles | cubital valgus more than 5-15 degrees cubitus varus (gunstock) - decreased angle |
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