| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Psychopathology | Complicated by a host of factors that influence our interpretation, definition, the course of the disorder and the outcome as well as the treatment. |
| Typical Development | A broad continuum of normalised behaviours and functioning. |
| Environment, Person | It is easier to change the __________ then change the __________. |
| Plato | Philosopher that said that we are born with knowledge. |
| Aristotle | Philosopher that said that we learn everything through our experience with the world. |
| Children's, adults | ___________ behaviour is much less stable then ____________. This is because of age graded influences, response to environmental changes etc. |
| Intervention, environmental, cognitive, personality traits. | Atypical development can be reduce through ________________, ____________________ change, ________________ maturation, and _____________ _____________ such as resilience. |
| Genetics, disadvantaged backgrounds, violence , poor nutrition, toxic environments. | Risk factors such as ____________ that make people more susceptible to atypical disorders. |
| Communication Disorders | The inability to understand or use speech and language to relate to others in society. This can be deficits in language, articulation, voice and stuttering. |
| Expressive Language Disorder | Disorder where sufferers have a limited vocabulary or may be confused by the order of sounds or words. |
| Mixed Receptive - Expressive Language Disorder | When a child has problems expressing him-or herself using spoken language, and also has problems understanding what people say to him or her. |
| Phonological Disorder | Language-based problems with the production of speech sounds. |
| Dysarthria | A motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury, characterised by poor articulation (ie aphasia: a disorder of the content of speech). |
| Apraxia | A neurological disorder characterised by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements. |
| Semantic Pragmatic Disorder | Disorder where people learn to talk by remembering phrases instead of putting words together freely. These people also tend to muddle up "i" and "you" as well as having difficulty in understanding 'why' questions. |
| Aphasia (Adults) | A disruptive speech disorder that effects a person's ability to speak, understand speech, read or write. |
| Global Aphasia | Disorder where a person has little or no spoken language. |
| Broca's Aphasia | Disorder which impairs speech output. |
| Anomic Aphasia | Disorder where one struggles to find words, especially nouns and verbs. |
| Wernicke's Aphasia | Disorder where one is unable to grasp the meaning of a word. |
| 6 months | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment when they do not smile or babble, do not respond to familiar faces and does not startle to loud noises. |
| 12 months | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment when they do not try and attract your attention, do not produce sounds, actions, babble, or play with sounds, or does not respond to their name (90% do not). |
| 18 months | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment where child only points because they want something (not to show interest), dose not use words, is not able to follow simple instructions, does not attempt to communicate by reaching, grasping or vocalising and does not seek attention. |
| 24 months | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment when the child does not attempt to communicate, do not have a vocabulary of 50 words or more, does not follow two part instructions, does not use two word combinations and does not play with toys stereotypically (ie lines them up) |
| 3 years | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment when they do not have a vocabulary of 100-200 words, do not use short sentences to communicate, and is frustrated or withdrawn because of the difficulty of being understood. |
| 4 years | Point to refer a child presenting with autistic behaviours for assesment when they have difficulty sitting and listening to a story for 5 minutes or more, can not convey a recent experience in words, not understood most of the time and do not play or interact with others. |
| Clinical Assessment | Assessment of emotional, behavioural and cognitive functioning. |
| Environmental Assessment | Assessment of family, school and peers. |
| Developmental Considerations | Assessment of age gender and culture. |
| Descartes | "If something exists, it exists in some amount. If it exists in some amount is it capable of being measured?" |
| ABC Behavioural Assessment | Method that looks at what is antecedent, what is the target behaviour, what are the consequences and whether those consequences are reinforcing that behaviour. |
| Child Behaviour Checklist (CBC) | A device by which parents or other individuals who know the child will rate a child's problem behaviours and competencies.Children tested are between 6 and 18 years of age, in standardised conditions and compared to comparison groups. |
| Weschler Scale | An intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. Results are generated as IQ scores (mental age divided by the chronological age = IQ). |
| 50-55 to 70 | Mild mental retardation according to the DSM IV |
| 35-40 to 50-55 | Moderate mental retardation according to the DSM IV |
| 20 -25 to 35-40 | Severe mental retardation according to the DSM IV |
| Bellow 25 | Profound mental retardation according to the DSM IV |
| Isolation | Idea that those with disorders or retardation should be kept away. |
| Enlargement | Idea that those with disorders or retardation should be put together in the same place. |
| Economisation | Idea that those with disorders or retardation should be made to work to diminish the burden of the public. |
| Social Darwinism | Period between 1840-1914 where people with disabilities were segregated and not allowed to marry. |
| Hydrocephalus | Disorder where there is an increase in the spinal fluid leading to the expansion of ventricles in the brain causing mental retardation. |
| Learning Disabilities | Disorders that impact on child's performance in school |
| Dyslexia | A reading disorder where people show difficulties in mathematics and written expression. |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) | Disorder where people argue, loose their temper, are vindictive, easily angered and more likely to blame others and not themselves. |
| Conduct Disorder | Disorder where people show aggression towards other people or animals. |
| Tourette's Disorder | An inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterised by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane. |
| Tic | A ________ is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, non rhythmic, stereotyped motor movement. |
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) | A group of disorders evident at an early age, that have a poor probable course and outcome. The do not come about purely due to genetics. This can be impairment in social interaction, communication or in behaviour (stereotypical of those seen in a disorder). |
| Autism | A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other's states of mind. Onset is between 30-36 months (but can be detected earlier). It is characterised by lining up behaviour and posting (rolling toys off the edge of a table). |
| Rhetts Syndrome | A disorder mostly found in girls mostly due to protein deficiency where on has a lack of control of their hands. These people develop specific deficits following a period of normal development; progression normally takes about five months. Sufferers tend to develop psycho motor retardation, have poor co-ordination, poor language and quickly loose skills. |
| Childhood Disintegration Disorder. | A rare marked regression in language, social/adaptive skills, bladder and bowel problems, and play/loco motor problems at least two years after normal development. It is associated with sever mental retardation. Onset occurs between 2 - 10 years of age. |
| Aspergers Syndrome | A disorder more common in boys impaired social interaction, non verbal/facial expression and body posture, peer relationships that lack a shared enjoyment, and lack of emotional reciprocity. |
| Posting | Rolling objects of the edge of a table. |
| Flinders Early Intervention Program | Program set up in 2003 to intervene and treat children with autism. |
| Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) | A 15 item behaviour rating scale developed in 1980 which helps to identify children with autism and to distinguish them from developmentally handicapped children. Children must be over 2 years of age. |
| Savant Syndrome | People with developmental disabilities however posses extraordinarily developed abilities in particular areas such as memory or areas in the right hemisphere. |
Combine with other sets
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