| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Variable | Letter that represents a number; variable amounts may change |
| Constant | Numeric value that does not change |
| Additive Inverse | (mathematics) one of a pair of numbers whose sum is zero |
| Coefficient | A number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression; a constant number that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic |
| Coordinate Plane (Coordinate Grid) | The plane formed by 2 number lines that intersect at their zero points dividing the plane into 4 quadrants; A coordinate system formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line, called the x-axis, and a vertical number line, called the y-axis. |
| Irrational Number | a real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number |
| Real Number | all rational or irrational numbers; real numbers can be represented on the real number line |
| Rational Number | A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0; an integer or a fraction; examples: 6 can be expressed as 6/1; 0.5 can be expressed as 1/2. |
| Reciprocal | (mathematics) one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2; a fraction that has been flipped. The reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3. |
| Multiplicative Inverse | The reciprocal of a number. |
| Like Terms | Expressions that contain the same variables to the same power |
| Variable | a symbol (like x or y) that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a variable quantity; in the expression 2x + 3, x is the variable |
| Algebraic Expression | math phrase that uses variables, numbers and operation symbols |
| Order of Operations | the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction |
| Numerical Expression | A mathematical phrase involving one or more terms and operations |
| Absolute Value of a real number or |x| | The distance from zero to the real number on a number line. |
| Associative Property of Addition | changing the grouping of terms will not change the sum, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c); ex: (5+3) + 1 = 5 + (3 + 1) |
| Associative Property of Multiplication | States that changing grouping of factors does not change the product. (a*b)c = a(b*c); ex: (2 * 6) * 7 = 2 * (6 * 7) |
| Commutative Property of Addition | For any number a and b, a + b = b + a |
| Commutative Property of Multiplication | Changing the order of the factors does not change the product; for example 10 x 9 = 9 x 10; a * b = b * a |
| Distributive Property | a property indicating a special way in which multiplication is applied to addition of two or more numbers in which each term inside a set of parentheses can be multiplied by a factor outside the parentheses, such as a(b + c) = ab + ac; ex: 4(3 + 8) = 4(3) + 4(8) |
| Additive Identity Property of Zero | The Zero Property of Addition. Adding 0 to a number leaves it unchanged; ex: 67+0=67, 67+0=67 |
| Inverse Property | The operation which undoes an operation - the opposite operation: subtraction is the inverse of addition, addition is the inverse of subtraction; division is the inverse of multiplication, multiplication is the inverse of division, square root is the opposite of squaring a number |
| Ratio | A comparison of two quantities, may be directly represented by numbers and or variables |
| Ratio Form | Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a:b or 2:3 |
| Verbal Ratio Form | Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a to b or 2 to 3 |
| Fraction Form | Specific form of representing ratios - examples - a/b or 2/3 (denominator cannot be zero) |
| Integer | any of the natural numbers (positive or negative) or zero; any of the set of whole numbers and their opposites |
| Exponent | The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor |
| Numerical Expression | An expression that contains only numbers and operations (2 • 3) + 1 |
| Equivalent Fractions | Fractions that name the same amount or part, 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent fractions |
| Greatest Common Factor (GCF) | The largest common factor of two or more given numbers; The GCF of 27 and 45 is 9. |
| Improper Fraction | A fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator; examples: 5/5 or 7/4 |
| Least Common Multiple (LCM) | The smallest number, other than zero, that is a multiple of two or more given numbers; The LCM of 10 and 18 is 90. |
| Prime Factorization | A number written as the product of its prime factors; examples: 10 = 2 • 5, 24 = 2^3 • 3 (^3 means the 3 is written smaller and to the upper right of 2). |
| Repeating Decimal | A decimal in which one or more digits repeat infinitely; The repeating portion of the decimal is shown with a short line drawn over the repeating numbers. |
| Terminating Decimal | A decimal number that ends or terminates; example: 6.75 |
| Function | An input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input; An equation written with two variables where only one output exists for each input; example: y = 2x +1 |
| Linear Equation | An equation whose solutions form a straight line on a coordinate plane; example: y = 3x - 1 |
| Linear Function | A function whose graph is a straight line. |
| Ordered Pair | A pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point on a coordinate plane. |
| Origin | The point where the x-axis and y-axis intersect on the coordinate plane; (0, 0). |
| Quadrant | The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four regions. Each region is called a quadrant. |
| Sequence | An ordered list or numbers; example: 2,4,6,8,10... |
| Factor | any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together; 3 is a factor of 9 |
| Multiple | the product of a quantity by an integer; example 24 is a multiple of 3 and 8 |
| Product | a quantity obtained by multiplication; the answer to a multiplication problem |
| Quotient | the number obtained by division; the ratio of two quantities to be divided; the answer to a division problem |
| Proportion | statement that two fractions or ratios are equal |
| Similar | same shape, but different size |
| Scale | the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it |
| Scale Factor | The ratio of dimensions of the new image to those of the original figure |
| Scale Drawing | A diagram of an object in which the dimensions are in proportion to the actual dimensions of the object. |
| Indirect Measurement | A method of measurement that uses formulas, similar figures, and/or proportions. |
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