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photosynthesis a plant uses carbon dioxide gas and water to make food and oxygen tissues groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism chloroplasts the structures in which food is made vacuole a large storage sac that can expand and shrink like a balloon cuticle waterproof layer that covers the leaves of most plants. vascular tissue a system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move fertilization when a sperm cell unites with an egg cell zygote the fertilized egg nonvascular plants Plants that lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials vascular plants Plants with true vascular tissue chlorophyll a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria sporophyte the stage where the plant produces spores, tiny cells that can grow into new organisms gametophyte the stage where the plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells. rhizoids Thin, rootlike structures anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients bog a type of wetland where sphagnum grows peat a blackish-brown material formed from compressed moss fronds the ferns leaves