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cell in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm cell membrane a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment organelle one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a tole of processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction prokaryote an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus eukaryote an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, but not archaea or bacteria cell theory all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of all living things cytoplasm the fluid inside a cell DNA the genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and new organisms prokaryotic cells cells with no nucleus eukaryotic cells cells that have a nucleus ribosomes tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material types of archaea heat-loving, salt-loving and methane-making multicellular made of many cells cell wall a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell ribosome cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis endoplasmic reticulum a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in production of lipids mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the cite of cellular respiration golgi complex cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell vesicle a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell lysosome a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes chloroplast the organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food