Protein Synthesis
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is transcription? | When DNA makes RNA |
| What is the genetic code in mRNA called? | Codon |
| Why is the DNA code said to be degenerate? | more than one code for some amino acids |
| What is the sugar in DNA? | Deoxyribose |
| What base is complimentary with Guanine? | Cytosine |
| What do we call the process of RNA making proteins? | Translation |
| What is a gene? | a protion of a DNA molecule that codes for one polypeptide or protein. |
| How are amino acids connected together? | By peptide bonds |
| What is the function of tRNA? | To carry amino acids to the ribosome |
| What is the function of the ribosome? | to read the mRNA codon |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What base is found in RNA but not in DNA? | Uracil |
| Where in the cell does translation occur? | In the cytoplasm |
| Where in the cell does transcription occur? | In the nucleus |
| Where in the cell does replication occur? | In the nucleus |
| What is replication? | When DNA reproduces itself |
| Non-coding sequences of bases found in DNA are called ____ | Introns |
| Which is larger: DNA or mRNA? | DNA |
| Which is larger: mRNA or tRNA? | mRNA |
| What is the genetic code? | 3 bases code for one amino acid |
| How many DNA molecules are in one chromosome? | 1 |
| Which is larger: a chromosome or a gene? | a chromosome |
| What is the function of the ribosome? | to read the mRNA codons |
| What is a point mutation? | substitution of one base for another in DNA |
| The effect of a base addition or deletion in DNA is ____ | a frameshift of the codons |
| What is an example of chromosomal mutation? | Missing or additional chromosomes |
| Name one disorder caused by extra chromosomes. | Down Syndrome |
| Name one disorder caused by deletion of bases. | Cystic fibrosis is caused by deleting AAA in DNA |
| Name one disorder caused by a point mutation. | Sickle Cell anemia |
| What is the cause of sickle cell anemia? | Substitution of valine for glutamic acid |
| Name one chromosomal disorder caused by missing info. | Turner Syndrome |
| What is the name of the disorder caused by having an extra X? | Kleinfelter's Syndrome |
| What are exons? | Base sequences in DNA that code for something |
| What are introns? | Base sequences in DNA that not code for anything |
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