OTC test 3
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fat Soluble Vitamins | ADEK 1) soluble in lipids 2)usually absorbed into the lymphatic system of the small intestine 3) absorption facilitated by bile 4) stored in body tissues 5) ingestion of excessive quantities may be toxic |
| Epidemiology/etiology of nutritional deficiencies | 1) inadequate dietary intake 2) poor absorption 3) iatrogenic situations |
| Vitamin C | Strong use: scurvy Good: -common cold prevention (extreme environments) -iron absorption enhancement -urinary tract infections (during pregnancy) |
| Vitamin D | Strong: -familial hypophosphatemia -Fanconi syndrome related hypophosphatemia -hyperparathyroidism due to low vitamin D levels -hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism -osteomalacia (adult rickets) -psoriasis -rickets Good: -muscle weakness/pain -osteoporosis -renal osteodystrophy |
| Dietary supplements that cause increased risk of bleeding or clotting | garlic ginkgo biloba ginseng saw palmetto |
| DSHEA | Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 -DS are regualted by the FDA under the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) -DS were excluded from purity and potency standards of Rx and non-Rx drugs -variability in DS content,contamination, herb misidentification and sub-supratherapeutic effects have been reported -buyer beware market -FDA has to prove that DS is unsafe to restrict its use or remove it from the market |
| Good Manufacturing Practice | GMP -DSHEA reqd establishment of GMP for DS industry -2007 FDA issued final rule on proposed changes to GMP standards for DS -must be mfred in a quality manner w/0 adulterants or impurities -must be labeled accurately |
| Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug consumer protection Act of 2006 | -requires manufacturers, packers or distributors of DS to submit to FDA serious adverse event reports that are based on specific information received from the public -such as Death, life threatening situation, inpatient hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, congenital anomaly or birth defect, adverse event that requires medial or surgical intervention to prevent such serious outcomes -consumers and health care providers are also encouraged to report DS-related adverse events through FDA's MedWatch program |
| Hazards from Dietary Supplements | -false advertising/quakery -hazards introduced by the consumer -drug/drug interaction -adverse effects |
| Omega 3 fatty acids | Strong: -High BP -hypertriglyceridemia (fish oil/epa/dha) -secondary CV disease prevention good: -primary CV disease prevention (fish intake) -protection from cyclosporine toxicity in organ transplant patients -RA (fish oil) |
| Glucosamine | Strong: knee osteoarthritis (mild-moderate) good: OA (general) |
| Echinacea | Strong: NONE good: -URTI (prevention in adults and children) -URTI treatment |
| Ginseng | strong: none good: -heart conditions -high blood sugar in healthy people -immune system enhancement -type 2 diabetes |
| Gingko biloba | Strong: -claudication (PVD) -dementia good: -cerebral insufficienty |
| Co-Enzyme Q10 | Strong: CoQ10 deficiency good: HTN |
| Melatonin | strong: Jet Lag good: -delayed sleep phase syndrome -insomnia -sleep disorders (children with behavioral, developmental, or intellectual disorders) -sleep enhancement in healthy people |
| Kava | Strong: anxiety |
| Tea Tree Oil | Strong: none Good: none CAUTION IN PREPUBESCENT MALES |
| Alli | OTC version of RX Orlistat -claims to decrease absorption of dietary fact -effective: weight-loss amt typically less for OTC vs RX -FDA investigating reports of liver injury |
| bitter orange | -claim: increases calories burned -insufficient evidence -possibly unsafe |
| chitosan | -claim: blocks absorption of dietary fat -insufficient evidence -possibly safe |
| Chromium | -claim: incr calories burned, decr. appetite and builds muscle -insufficient evidence -likely safe |
| Conjugated linoleic acid | reduces body fat and builds muscle -possibly effective -possibly safe |
| Country Mallow (heartleaf) | -decreases appetite and incr calories burned -insufficient evidence -banned by FDA, likely unsafe |
| ephedra | -decr appetite -possibly effective -banned by FDA, likely unsafe |
| Grean tea extract | incr. calorie and fat metabolism and decreases appetite -insufficient evidence -possibly safe |
| Guar gum | blocks absorption of dietary fat and increases feeling of fullness -possibly ineffective -likely safe |
| hoodia | -decreases appetite -insufficient evidence -insufficient evidence to determine safety |
| Reputable Information sources | -government sponsored: NIH-national center for complementary and Alternative medicine (NCCAM), medline plus -commercial databases: Natural medicines comprehensive Database, Natural Standard, Lexi-natural Products |
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