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adaptive trait a heritable trait that enhances an individuals survivability biodiversity the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat carrying capacity largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support density dependent Referring to any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density. density independent Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density. emigration movement of individuals out of a population endemic a plant that is native to a certain limited area evolution a process in which something passes by degrees to a different,typically better stage exponential growth growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate generalists consumers that have a varying diet immigration moving into a population k-selected organisms that reproduce later in life, produce fewer offspring and devote significant time and energy to the nurturing of their offspring limiting factors environmental factors that restrict population growth logistic growth curve S curve mutation a change in a gene or chromosome natural selection a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment niche organism's role, or job, in its habitat r-selected Species which breed often and produce large numbers of offspring. Typically found where conditions are untable. specialists species that have narrow niches survivorship curves They show the likelihood of survival at different ages throughout the lifetime of the organism.