Introduction to Music
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74 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Beat | A regular pulsation; basic unit of length in musical time |
| Tempo | rate of speed pace of the beats |
| rhythm | the patterns of the duration of musical sounds |
| pitch | relative highness or lowness of musical tone |
| melody | a group of pitches with clear ryhthmic identity, that the listener perceives as complete |
| range | the distance from a melodys lowest to highest pitches |
| tonic | the first note of a scale |
| phrase | basic units that make up melodies |
| harmony | two or more pitches occuring at the same time |
| consonance | harmony in which the pitches are percieved to be in agreement with eachother |
| dissonance | harmony in which the pitches are percieved to be in conflict |
| tonality | the organization of music around a single, central note |
| dynamics | percieved loundness or softness of the music |
| texture | method of interweaving melodic and harmonic elements |
| monophony | music where there is only one unaccompanied voice |
| homophony | music where a single voice clearly predonimates over all other voices |
| polyphony | music where the indivdual rvoices retain complete independence from eachother, yet form a harmonious whole |
| soloist | single musician performing alone |
| chamber ensembles | a small ensemble of musicians performing together, one to a part and without a conductor |
| orchestra | large ensemble, let by a conductor, features string as its primary group |
| choir | large vocal ensemble |
| form | the structure and design of a piece of music in the large scale of time |
| motif | smallest level of form, made up of an easily identifible small group of notes, which can be repeated |
| Binary | A/B |
| Ternary | A/B/A |
| Rounded Binary | A/BA' |
| Rondo | ABACADA etc... |
| voices | soprano,alto, tenor, bass |
| strings | violin, viola, cello, bass, guitar, harp, etc |
| woodwinds | flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone |
| percussion | timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals |
| keyboards | piano, hardpsichord |
| band or wind ensemble | large ensemble, led by a conductor, uses almost entirely woodwinds, brass and percussion |
| Medieval Era Dates | 500-1450 |
| Medieval Goals | -"to praise" -Greek and Roman Hertiage -the church painting |
| Renaissance Era Dates | 1450-1600 |
| Reniassance Era Goals | -"to please" -element of humanism |
| Baroque Era Dates | 1600-1750 |
| Baroque Era Goals | -"to excite" -primarly an artistic movement -1600 because of the incention of opera |
| Classical Era Dates | 1750(death of Bach)-1825(death of Beethoven) |
| Classical Era Goals | -"to reason" -age of enlightment -restraint, clarity, balance and order in all things -nop classical paintings and architecture |
| Sonta Allegro form | the form of a movement that consists of an exposition, development and recapitulation and somtimes and introduction and coda |
| Romantic Era Dates | 1825-1910(start of WW1) |
| Romantic Era Goals | -"Freedom" -rise of a true middle class -nationalism -french and american revolutions -rebesls -artists |
| Franz Haydn | Austrian composer, known as the father of symphony, and fathe rof the string quartet |
| Wolfgang Mozart | Austrian, one of the greatest child prodegies, opera and concerto |
| Ludwig Beethoven | German, but lived in Austria, deaf, rebel, piano sonatas, string quartets and 9 symphonies |
| Claudio Monteverdi | Italian, transitional figure, master of late renissance madrigal and early baroque opera |
| Antontio Vivaldi | italian, composed over 550 sonatas |
| George Handel | English, but born in Germany, famous for operas like the Messiah and Water Music |
| Johann Bach | German, lutheran church, sacred art and secular work, Brandenburg Concertos |
| Johannes Brahms | German, associated with the school of romanticism, wrote in traditional forms of absolute music |
| Peter Tchaikovsky | Russian, ballets, The Nutcracker and Swan Lake |
| Richard Wagner | German, opera composer, Gesamtkunstwerk (total artwork) |
| Arnold Schoenburg | Austrian and American, invented atonality |
| Igor Stravinsky | Russian but American composer, pianist and conductor |
| Hildegard of Bingen | German, writer, composer, philosopher, very famous |
| Giovanni da Palestrina | Italian, sacred renissance music |
| string quartet | chamber music ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a chello. |
| symphony | large work for orchestra, generally in 3 or 4 movements |
| sonata | instrumental genre, typically 3 movements, for a solo instrument(s) and possible piano accompianent |
| Concerto | almost exclusively for solo instruments |
| absolute music | music that is not about anything |
| program music | music that is about somthing |
| art song | song for a solo singer based on poetry |
| symphonic poem | One-movement orchestral form of programmatic music that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, also a tone poem |
| short lyric piano piece | instrument equivelent to an art song |
| Musical theatre | music written to accompany the action fo a play |
| opera | large scale, secular, vocal music |
| Aria | a fill blown song, requires a stop in the action while a character reflects on ther feelings |
| recitative | sung imitation of speech, advances the plot |
| Oratorio | same as opera but not for the stage, no acting |
| mass | large scale, sacred vocal music (church) |
| Baroque dance | group of dances, usually in the same key |
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