Ch. 13 Elliott Physical Science
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pressure | the result of a force distributed over an area |
| pascal | the SI unit for pressure; very small |
| fluid | a substance that assumes the shape of its container |
| Pascal's principle | a change in pressure at any point in the fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid |
| how does pressure in fluids vary with depth and altitude? | air pressure decreases as the altitude increases |
| hydraulic system | a device that uses pressurized fluid acting on pistons of different sizes to change a force |
| Bernoulli's principle | as the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases; ex: spray bottles. shower curtain sucking in, airplane wing |
| how do wings produce lift? | the air traveling over the top of the wings moves faster than the air passing underneath, creating an upward force known as lift |
| buoyancy | the ability of a fluid to to exert an upward force on an object placed in it |
| buoyant force | when an object in water is easier to lift, it is because the water is exerting an upward force, or buoyant force |
| Archimede's principle | the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
| how is density related to buoyancy? | if an object is less dense than the fluid its in, it will float; if the object is more dense, it will sink |
| how is an object suspended in water? | when the buoyant force is equal to weight, the object floats |
| why does a Cartesian Diver sink? | when pressure is exerted on the liquid, the air in the diver compresses and therefore the entire diver becomes denser than the liquid around it -> it sinks |
| why does a curveball curve? | with the top or side spin on the ball, one side is receiving resistance more than another; the side receiving the resistance creates a high pressure system, and the other side a low pressure system; pressure moves form high to low (side to side), creating the curve |
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