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Lymphatic System This consists of 3 parts: (1) lymphatic vessls (2) lymph (3) lymph nodes. Lymph Nodes These form parts of the lymphatic organs and tissues. (example: Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils) Lymph This is the name for fluid once it has entered the lymphatics. ("Clear Water") Lymphatics This is the system of drainage vessels that collect interstitial fluid and returns it to the bloodstream. (AKA- Lymphatic Vessels) Lymphatic Capillaries These are the vessels where lymph first enters the lymphatics. These are made up of loose endothelial cells that form flaplike minivalves held outward by collagen filaments which give them extreme permeability. Lacteals These are highly specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the villi in the intestinal mucosa. Named for its white appearance. Chyle This is the milky white lymph drained from intestine through lacteals. Lymphatic Trunks These are formed by the largest lymphatic collecting vessels. ("Lumbar, Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian, Lymphatic Collecting Vessels These receive lymph from lymphatic capillaries, contain more valves than veins, superficial and deep, pass through lymph nodes where it is monitored and cleared of pathogens and cancer cells Right Lymphatic Duct receives lymph from the right upper part of the body Thoracic Duct the major duct of the lymphatic system Cisterna Chyli an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system Lymphangitis inflammation of a lymph vessel Lymphedema swelling (usually in the legs) caused by lymph accumulating in the tissues Lymphocytes The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system T Lymphocytes Lymphocytes that develop in the thymus and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Their cell-surface antigen receptor is called the T-cell receptor. B Lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections. Plasma Cells cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies. Macrophages Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream. Dendritic Cells specialized white blood cells that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections Reticular Cells produce reticular fiber stroma (network for other cells) Stroma the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma) Lymphoid Tissue An important component of the immune system, mainly because 1) houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes and 2) furnishes an ideal surveillence vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages. Reticular Connective Tissue Composed of reticular fibers within a gel-like ground substance. Cellular components are fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and other blood cells. Located in LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, BONE MARROW. Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue scattered reticular tissue elements and associated lymphocytes; found in about every organ but especially in mucous membrane lining the respiratory and digestive tracts Lymphoid Follicles solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed reticular elements and cells- often form parts of larger lymphoid organs (found isolated in distal small intestine and appendix) Capsule a sticky, gelatinous substance around the cell wall; allows cells to stick together or to the host cell Trabeculae connective tissue strands that extend in to divide the node into compartments Cortex the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal Medulla the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal Medullary Cords extend from the cortex and contain B cells, T cells, and plasma cells Lymph Sinuses Spaces between these groups of lymphatic tissues. These spaces contain a network of fibers and the macrophage cells. Afferent Lymphatic Vessels Vessels that bring lymph draining from connective tissue into a lymph node en route to the blood. Subcapsular Sinus region within lymph node immediately deep to capsule, contains relatively sparse lymphocytes, allows lymph to flow freely through it Hilum (anatomy) a depression or fissure where vessels or nerves or ducts enter a bodily organ Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Vessels leaving the lymph node Spleen a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm White Pulp That region of the spleen within PALS; predominant immune cell is the T cell and where primary T cell responses can occur. Red Pulp consists of reticular cells and fibers(cords of Billroth), surrounds the splenic sinuses Splenic Cords network of reticular cells which produce reticular fibers; spaces between fibers are occuplied by macrophages and blood cells that have come from the capillaries Thymus a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity Hassall's Corpuscles reticular epithelial cells in medulla organized in concentric circles. Lymphoid Organs Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland are examples of what? Palatine Tonsils located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth Lingual Tonsils Collection of lymphoid follicles on the base, posterior, or pharyngeal portion of the dorsum of the tongue. Pharyngeal Tonsils a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx) Tubal Tonsils These are a pair of lymphoid organs which lie just behind the openings of the pharyngotympanic tubes into the pharynx; they 'are hidden' Tonsillar Crypts portion of tonsils that trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter. Appendix a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch Elephantiasis a condition in which the limbs become extremely swollen and the skin hardens and thickens, happens when a large amount of filarial worms block lymphatic vessels Hodgkin's Disease painless progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissue; symptoms include anorexia, lassitude, weight loss, fever, itching, night sweats, and anemia Lymphadenopathy chronic abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes (usually associated with disease) Lymphangiography roentgenographic examination of lymph nodes and lymph vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium Lymphoma a neoplasm (tumor) of lymph tissue that is usually malignant Peyer's Patches Lymphoid follicles situated along the wall of the small intestine that trap antigens from the gastrointestinal tract and provide sites where B and T cells can interact with antigen MALT mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue; composted of Peyer's patches, tonsils, appendix and lymphoid nodules in the bronchii; protects passages that open to exterior from the nerver-ending onslaughts of foreing matter entering them