PSY2: FINAL STUDY GUIDE

5 Written Questions

1. oldest study of psychology that looks to the role that internal conflicts, primarily on the unconscious, have on the behaviors and mental processes we exhibit
   *Sigmund Freud; led to psychoanalysis (diagnosis & treatment)
2. Knowledge of how to perform a skill or activity
   * how to ride a bike, drive a car, etc.
3. study of psychology that looks to the value of individual's potential for growth; choices people make are determined by their own unique perspectives; self-awareness
   *Rogers & Maslow; emphasizes the value of free will - conscious experiences, subjective not scientific
4. in temporal lobe of left hemisphere(near visual and auditory complex); speech COMPREHENSION
   *if damaged-patient has problem comprehending written and spoken speech but speech is fluent and sounds like real speech without meaning
5. study of psychology that looks at the mechanisms, mental processes by which people process information and how that mental process influences behavior (acquiring & retaining knowledge; computer-like processing)
   *learning, memory, concept formation, perception, language, problem-solving

5 Matching Questions

1. Insomnia
2. Independent variable
3. Emperical Research
4. Episodic Memory
5. Clinical Psychologist

1. a a sleep disorder when there is difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep after nighttime awakenings; can be due ot sleep medication
   * affects half of adults in the US
2. b the reliance on collecting observations
3. c a variable that is manipulated by an experimenter
   *amount of alchohol used in alcohol/driving test
4. d A declarative memory that is for a specific event that you experienced--flashbulb memory
   * What you ate for breakfast?, Where you where on 9/11?
5. e Evaluation and treatment of people with psychological problems and disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Advantage: offers clues to underlying causes, identify groups of people who are at high risk of problems, increases understanding of relationships between variables or events
   Disadvantage: often misinterpreted data; NO CAUSAL CONCLUSION
   1. Advantage and disadvantage of correlation research
   2. Advantage and disadvantages of case studies
   3. Advantage & disadvantages of naturalistic observation
   4. Experimental Research
2. Advantage: good starting point for generating ideas and theories (Darwin)
   Disadvantage: highly influenced by observer bias, ethical concerns (question of informed consent); NO CAUSAL CONCLUSION
   1. When Psychology became separate discipline
   2. Advantage and disadvantages of case studies
   3. Advantage and disadvantage of correlation research
   4. Advantage & disadvantages of naturalistic observation
3. nerve cells; basic building blocks of the nervous system
   * these are directional-electrical pulses travel down them in only one direction (Dendrites, Cell body-Soma, Axoon, Terminal Endings-Buttons)
   1. Narcolepsy
   2. REM sleep
   3. Neurons
   4. Insomnia
4. Study of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development across the life span
   1. Clinical Psychologist
   2. Developmental Psychologist
   3. Social Psychologist
   4. Health Psychologist
5. In psychotherapy, positive outcomes of a treatment resulting from hopeful expectations of clients rather than from the effects of the treatment itself.
   1. Sleep Terror
   2. REM sleep
   3. Sleep Apnea
   4. Placebo Effect

5 True/False Questions

1. Behavioral perspective → study of psychology that looks to the role of learning; the influence of the external environment, observable behavior (role of rewards and punishments on behavior; reinforcement)
   *John Broadus Watson; no way to directly observe and compare subject's mental experience with someone else's

   True        False

2. Correlation Coefficient → Taking away something pleasant to decrease behavior

   True        False

3. Cross-Sequential Design → Method: a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs. Groups of participants of different ages that are studied for multiple years.

   True        False

4. When Psychology became separate discipline → oldest study of psychology that looks to the role that internal conflicts, primarily on the unconscious, have on the behaviors and mental processes we exhibit
   *Sigmund Freud; led to psychoanalysis (diagnosis & treatment)

   True        False

5. Narcolepsy → a sleep disorder characterized by sudden unexplained "sleep attacks" that quickly enter REM, generally lasts less than 5 minutes and often triggered by intense emotions

   True        False