Evolution of Population
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19 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genetic equilibrium | allele frequency is constant; NO genetic change |
| Disrupting Genetic Equilibrium | Natural selection Migration Genetic drift Isolation Mutation |
| Natural Selection | Forces that increase the fitness of a population ("survival of the fittest") shifts the distribution of phenotypes in 3 ways: Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection |
| Stabilizing selection | Eliminates extremes of a trait Causes a reduction in variation in species |
| Directional selection | Moves/shifts the average for a particular characteristic to the left or right |
| . Disruptive selection | Selects against the average and favors the extremes |
| . Migration | The movement of organisms into or out of a population. Change the amount of variation in a population |
| Genetic Drift | A random occurrence that changes allele frequency |
| Isolation | Geographic isolation Behavioral Isolation |
| Mutations | Can provide new alleles Tied to natural selection and do not act alone Can be beneficial or harmful |
| Effects of genetic changes | Speciation Extinction |
| Speciation | formation of new species |
| Extinction | death of entire species |
| Population | Number of individuals of the same species that live together in the same place |
| Limiting Factors | Food Water Shelter Space |
| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of individuals the environment can support |
| Exponential Growth | Some populations start slow and then have a burst of growth. |
| Logistic Growth | Some populations start slow, have a burst of growth, then level off. |
| Concepts of Natural Selection | Variation Numbers increase Competition Survival of the fittest Descent with modification |
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