WWI and Russian Revolution
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Created by:
christinel on May 15, 2011
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Germany, Great Britain, Russia, France, United States, Italy, Japan, Austria- Hungary | Major powers during/after industrialization |
| Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Rival Alliances, International Anarchy | Causes of WWI |
| Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Montenegro | New nations on the Balkan Peninsula |
| Bismarck | makes alliances with Austria-Hungary and Italy to protect from France; makes a peace treaty with Russia; on good terms with Great Britain |
| Wilhelm II | Fires Bismark because he won't fight France; Believes that his military and army is the best and that his can beat other European powers; Won't renew peace treaty with Russia: Russia sides with France because of this; Becomes rivals with the British navy |
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy | Triple Alliance |
| Russia, Great Britain, France | Triple Entente |
| June 28th, 1914 | Date that Franz Ferdinand and his wife are killed in Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist |
| more resources and men; stronger navy | Advantages of the allied powers |
| best army; Geographically easier to mobilize | Advantages of the central powers |
| Schlieffen Plan | This is Germany's plan of attack: Attack France before Russia can mobilize- speed |
| Great Britain | This nation is the first nation to effectively use the tank |
| airplanes | Mainly used for photography and surveillance |
| Chemical Warfare | Chlorine: Clogged lungs; Mustard gas: Incredibly painful, Blistering agent; Not decisive- couldn't control the gas: Wind, Gas-masks |
| Germany | This nation was the first nation to effectively use the submarine- one of the reasons why United States entered the war |
| Total War | when a nation puts all their resources into the war |
| Rationing | when the government gives you coupons and doles out certain foods |
| Battle of Verdun | Longest/bloodiest Battle; 1 million men will die |
| Battle of Somme | British attack- 6:1; 1st day 60,000 casualties; Advance only 7 miles |
| Eastern Front | Russia and Serbia vs. Austria- Hungary and Germany; A little more mobile than the western front, but still ends as a stalemate; Russia's weaknesses are exposed: Have a lot of men, but are not industrialized; Occupied German troops |
| Ottoman Front | Great Britain attempts to take ports- fail; Forced into trench warfare; High casualties; Forced to retreat |
| Italian Front | Allies; Most of Italian don't support war; Occupy British and French troops |
| Lusitania | passenger ship that the Germans sank with the u-boats |
| Zimmerman note | Intercepted by the British; If Mexico joins Germany's side, then they will help Mexico get their land back |
| Great Spring Offensive | Germany put all of their troops and resources on the western front: One-front war; First time Germany has more troops than the Allies on the western front; Relatively successful; Reached within 40m from Paris; General Foch- Allied commander- major offensive; Led the allied troops against the German offensive; Use the American troops to combat the German offensive; Germany has exhausted their resources: Low on manpower and supplies |
| November 11th, 1918 | date that an armistice is signed between allied commander and Germans to agree to stop fighting; end of war |
| April 6th, 1917 | Date that the U.S. entered into the war |
| League of Nations | International regulatory committee to establish peace and govern peacefully |
| June 28th, 1919 | Date of the Treaty of Versailles |
| autocracy | government where ruler has unlimited power (like an absolute ruler) |
| Romanovs | the people in power in Russia for three centuries |
| Decembrist Revolt | First major revolution in Russia; Demanded a constitution; Czar's reaction: kill leaders/sent to Siberia; influenced by French Revolution |
| Trans Siberian Railroad | Was the longest railroad in the world when it was built |
| Constitutional Democrats | moderates; Want a constitution; Not necessarily against the czar, but they want the czar's power to be limited by a constitution |
| Social Revolutionaries | Want the peasants to overthrow the czar; Goal: rural socialism- land distributed equally; Democratically elected government will distribute the land equally among the Russians |
| Social Democrats | Much more radical than the social revolutionaries; Want the urban working class to overthrow the czar |
| Bolsheviks | Headed by Lenin; Want revolution now; Ultimately victorious because of Lenin |
| Mensheviks | Want to wait for a revolution because they think that they will have more supplies and more people; Anti-Lenin |
| Bloody Sunday/Revolution of 1905 | Workers asking for better working conditions; The czar's general opens fire killing 500+; People lose trust in Nicholas; Outcome: Nicholas II forced to establish the Duma: Russian form of parliament; Nicholas doesn't want to share his power, so it is kind of pointless |
| Rasputin | Becomes Alexandra's advisor; Hired friends to powerful positions; Russians hate him; Represents everything Russians hate; Corrupt; "Russia's greatest love machine" |
| Bread Riots | Riots that were backed by Radical groups; Petrograd; Nicholas II forced to abdicate the throne; Duma elects group of men to serve as provisional government |
| Kerensky | elected leader of Provisional government |
| Treaty of Brest- Litovsk | Russia loses 1/4 of their European territory from this treaty; also lose 1/3 of their population; Lose 80% of their coal/iron industries |
| Stalin | man who is focused on socialism within Russia; Changes his name to mean "man of steel"; Modernize in ten years |
| Trotsky | World socialist revolution like Lenin; Has military training- chief of the Red Army; One of the most intellectual members of the communist party- very strong willed: Has enemies within the party |
| Totalitarian State | A leader or a group that controls every aspect of their citizen's lives |
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