Psyc Final
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82 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychoanalytic theory | explains personality focusing on early childhood, and unconscious motives |
| conscious | aware of at a particular point and time |
| preconscious | just beneath surface of awareness. easily retrieved |
| unconscious | difficult to retrieve. well below surface. |
| ego | decision making compononent. reality principle |
| reality principle | seeks to delay gratifications of the ids urges until appropriate times |
| id | raw biological sources driven by the pleasure principle |
| pleasure principle | demands immediate gratification of its urges |
| superego | moral component of personality driven by moral imperatives |
| defense mechanism | unconscious reactions that protect a person from guilt |
| rationalization | creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviors "everyone does it" |
| reaction formation | acting opposite of ones true feelings -making fun of a gay person to hide that you're gay |
| projection | attributing ones owns thoughts or feelings to another person. -if you're sexually attracted to someone else, you might claim that the other person is sexually attracted to you |
| displacement | diverting feelings of anger from an original source to another target. -if your boss makes you mad, you come home and kick the dog and yell at your wife |
| regression | aversion to immature patterns of behavior. -when anxious about self worth, some adults childishly brag and boast |
| repression | keeping depressing thoughts imprisoned in the unconscious -people tend to repress conflicts or memories |
| denial | when people consciously refuse to face up to unpleasant realities -refuse that your wife is cheating on you |
| phsycosexual development | basic foundations of an individuals personality is determined by age 5 |
| oral stage | 0-1 mouth feeding experiences crucial to subsequent development |
| anal stage | 2-3 anus toilet training crucial to subsequent development |
| phallic stage | 4-5 genitals oedipal complex |
| oedipal complex | childrens feeling of want for opposite sex parent and hostility towards same sex parent |
| latency stage | 6-12 no body part of focus sexuality suppressed social skills developed |
| genital stage | puberty-onward genitals sexual energy channeled towards opposite sex rather than yourself |
| behaviorism | psychology should only study behavior that can be experimented |
| bf skinner | behaviorist dumb to look at what goes on inside mind should look at observable behavior, how outside worlds shapes personality |
| personality | collection of response tendencies |
| operant conditioning | form of learning in which voluntary responses learn to be controlled by their consequences |
| negative reinforcement | removal of unpleasant stimulus |
| positive reinforcement | response strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus |
| extinction | gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency |
| punishment | response weakens or suppresses the tendency to make that response |
| bandura | observational learning |
| roger | humanism person centered theory client centered theory |
| humanism | emphasizes unique qualities of humans. (freedom, rational nature, potential for growth) |
| phenomenological approach | subjective view is more important than reality |
| maslow | hierarchy of needs "growth needs"-need for self actualization |
| biological theories | physique to personality shelden |
| endomorphy | persons body being fat round soft sociable, relaxed, even tempered, affectionate |
| mesomorphy | strong muscular hard body type energetic, competitive, aggressive, bold |
| ectomorphy | skinny frail body type inhibited, apprehensive, intellectual, self conscious |
| eysenck | extraversion |
| extraversion | personality trait characterized by interest in the external world of people and things sociability |
| anxiety disorders | marked by apprehension and anxiety |
| generalized anxiety disorder | high anxiety not tied to a specific threat |
| phobic disorder | persistent rational fear of something that presents no realistic fear |
| panic disorder | recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety. leads to agoraphobia |
| agoraphobia | fear of being in public places |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted obsessions |
| consistency | to behave in a cheerful, hopeful, enthusiastic way. looking at bright side of things |
| distinctiveness | why everyone reacts differently to certain situations |
| neuroticism | negative worried, insecure, self pitying |
| extraversion | positive sociable, fun loving, affectionate |
| openness to experience | imaginative preference for variety independent |
| agreeableness | softhearted, trusting, helpful |
| conscientiousness | constraint well organized, careful, self disciplined |
| five factor model | neuroticism extraversion openness to experience agreeableness conscienctiousness |
| unipolar mood disorder | aka depressive disorders experience emotional extremes at one end of the mood contiuum. troubled by episodes of depression |
| bipolar mood disorders | experience emotional extremes at both ends of the mood contiuum. depression and mania |
| manic | opposite of depressive |
| attributions | inferences people draw about the causes of events and behavior |
| learned helplessness model | seligman internal, stable, global attributions are prone to depression |
| rumination | amplifies depression |
| paranoid schizophrenia | delusions of persecution and grandeur |
| catatonic schizophrenia | immobility, frenzied motor activity |
| disorganized schizophrenia | deterioration of adaptive behavior, frequent incoherence, complete social withdrawal |
| undifferentiated schizophrenia | diagnosis of schizophrenia but cannot be placed into the other three categories |
| anxious-fearful cluster | avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive |
| dramatic-impulsive cluster | histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial |
| odd-eccentric cluster | schizo, schizotypal, paranoid |
| etiology | genetic predisopostions |
| dissociative amnesia | sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is to extensive to forget |
| dissociative fugue | lose memory of entire life along with personal identity |
| Somatization Disorder | Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin |
| Hypochondriasis | Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses. |
| Conversion Disorder | Characterized by a significant loss of physical function with no apparent organic basis |
| internal attributions | personal trains, feelings, abilities |
| external attributions | environmental factors |
| harold kelley | covariation model |
| covariation model | consistency, distinctiveness, consensus |
| internal attribution | high consistency, low distinctiveness, low consensus |
| external attribution | low consistency OR high consistency, high distinctiveness, high consensus |
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