1.
95 theses: Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the chuch door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation
2.
apprentice: works for an expert to learn a trade
3.
axum: Axum was a trading center and a powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia.
4.
aztecs: Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City
5.
capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership of capital
6.
commerical revolution: highly developed economy; making luxurious items and trading them to Europeans for silver
7.
common law: unified body of laws formed by the rulings of englands royal judges that serves as the basis for laws in english speaking countries
8.
desert: an arid region with little or no vegetation
9.
ghana: the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade
10.
guild: medieval association of people working the same occupation where members controlled wages and prices
11.
humanism: renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and acheivements
12.
incas: They were a South American Indian culture that was devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530s.
13.
leonardo da vinci: Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist.
14.
magna carta: This document was signed by King John in 1215. It was the first document that limited the power of the government.
15.
mali: Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. (Timbuktu)
16.
mansa musa: king of the Mali empire in West Africa, is known mostly for his fabulous pilgrimage to Mecca and for his promotion of unity and prosperity within Mali
17.
mayas: The Indians of one of the most advanced early civilizations of the Western Hemisphere; made their home in Central America.
18.
michelangelo: This was an artist who led the way for Renaissance masters from his David sculpture and his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling
19.
olmecs: First known american civilization known for making giant jade and stone heads.
20.
parliament: body of representatives that make laws for a nation
21.
protestant reformation: a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
22.
quipus: arrangement of knotted strings on a chord used by the incas to record numerical info
23.
renaissance: a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning and views of the world
24.
savanna: a flat grassy plain
25.
songhai: a West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from the 1400s to 1591
26.
swahili: a Bantu language with Arabic words spoken along the East African coast
27.
terraces: new form of agriculture in axum in which stepped ridges on mountain tops to retain water and erosion
