Special Senses
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Orbit | aka eye socket, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves |
| Conjunctiva | a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid |
| Lacrimal glands | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
| Sclera | whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball |
| Choroid | the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye |
| Retina | In normal vision, light passing through the cornea and lens is clearly and accurately focused on the retina |
| Optic nerve | aka second cranial nerve, the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |
| Rods | the black and white receptors |
| Cones | the color receptors |
| Macula lutea | aka macula, an area of high cone density |
| Fovea centralis (fovea) | clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina, area of the sharpest central vision |
| Aqueous humor | helps the eye maintain its shape and nourishes the intraocular structures |
| Intraocular pressure | IOP, a measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye, the rate at which aqueous fluid enters and leaves the regulates this pressure |
| Vitreous humor | aka vitreous gel, a soft, clear jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers |
| Iris | the colorful muscular layer of the eye that surrounds the pupil |
| Cornea | the first focusing structure in the eye |
| Pupil | the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye |
| Crystalline lens (lens) | A biconvex (pill-shaped), transparent structure located behind the pupil; it is the second important focusing structure in the eye |
| Accommodation | the processing whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances |
| Emmetropia | (ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina |
| Refraction | the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina |
| Visual acuity | ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance |
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