World History Exam
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AnnaStuteville on May 17, 2011
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389 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The ___ ruled much of Asia in the 1200s and 1300s. | Mongols |
| ___ was the center of the first Russian state. | Kiev |
| ___ was the Byzantine emperor who collected the laws of ancient Rome. | Justinian |
| The greatest emperor of Mali was ___. | Mansa Musa |
| The ___ were the great warrior lords of Japan. | Daimyo |
| Mongol armies called the ___ ruled much of medieval Russia. | Golden Horde |
| In some ancient African societies, parents and children lived and worked together as a unit, forming a ___. | Nuclear family |
| Different households who claim a common ancestor belong to the same ___. | Lineage |
| The common language of ___, is responsible for the spoken word throughout Africa. | Banta |
| The powerful chieftain ___ began the Mongol conquest of China. | Genghis Khan |
| Architecture that featured pointed arches and tall spires. | Gothic |
| Anglo-French conflict fought over French land and the succession to the French crown | Hundred Years' War |
| Expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims | Crusades |
| period in the papacy during which two competing popes each claimed to be the supreme spiritual authority of the church | Great Schism |
| period in the papacy during which the papal seat was in Avignon, France | Babylonian Captivity |
| architecture that features low horizontal lines, few windows, and looked stately | Ronanesque |
| T or F: Joan of Arc was a national hero and deserved to die at the hands of the Protestants | false |
| T or F: The Children's Crusades were highly successful | false |
| T or F: Mounted knights were no longer an effective military unit after the Hundred Years War | true |
| T or F: Scholasticism is the thought of bringing together science reasoning and faith to make the world a better place | true |
| T or F: University means a gathering of people | true |
| T or F: An epidemic is an outbreak of a rapid-spreading disease | true |
| T or F: The Japanese practiced both Hinduism and Buddhism | false |
| T or F: Rice is the basic food of the Chinese | true |
| T or F: The Japanese Emperor today is a descendant from the first emperor | true |
| T or F: The capital city of the Byzantine empire was called Istanbul | false |
| T or F: The Byzantine Empire was stronger, wealthier, and less corrupt than the western part of the Roman Empire | true |
| Which weapon was not a result of the Crusades? | halberd |
| The city of Constantinople was in a key location on the strait that links the Mediterranean Sea with the ___. | Black Sea |
| Science made little real progress in Europe in the Middle Ages because ___. | science was considered to be related to magic and witchcraft |
| What was an effect of the Black Death? | there were large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe |
| When camels were brought to Africa, trade increased across the ___. | Sahara |
| What is a key belief or duty of Islam? | Each Muslim should make a pilgrimage to Mecca. |
| Who held most of the power in Japanese feudal society? | the shogun |
| China under the Tang dynasty ___. | halted military expansion to focus on domestic issues |
| Under the Tang and Song dynasties, China's two main classes were ___. | the gentry and the peasantry |
| Because of its geographical location, Korea has been strongly influenced by the culture and traditions of ___. | China |
| The city of Constantinople ___. | commanded key trade routes linking Europe and Asia |
| Everyday speech that varies from place to place | vernacular |
| form of Japanese ceremonial suicide | seppuku |
| wrote the Inferno | Dante |
| where Roman law and canon law were taught | Bologna |
| wrote the Canterbury Tales | Chaucer |
| association of merchants or craftspeople | guild |
| killed millions of people | Bubonic plague |
| feeling of loyalty to the country as a whole | patriotism |
| Italian merchant who visited Kublai Khan | Marco Polo |
| teacher at Oxford who attacked the church | Wycliffe |
| T or F: Tsar is the same thing as Czar. | true |
| T or F: Ivan the Great freed his country from the rule of the Chinese. | false |
| a religious group that has broken away from an established church | sect |
| wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| a government run by religious leaders | theocracy |
| proposed a heliocentric model of the universe | Nicholaus Copernicus |
| an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane | Leonardo da Vinci |
| showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit | Isaac Newton |
| started a printing revolution | Johann Gutenberg |
| the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not | predestination |
| the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family | Flanders |
| a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began | Flanders |
| One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting ___. | well-known people of the day |
| What major theme of the northern Renaissance did Albrecht Durer's engravings portray? | religious upheaval |
| The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of ___. | John Calvin |
| What resulted from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555? | Each German prince could decide the religion for his lands. |
| Anabaptists believed that infants should not be baptized because ___. | infants are too young to accept the Christian faith |
| Humanist scholars differed from medieval thinkers in that humanists ___. | tended to focus more on worldly subjects |
| Sir Thomas More was executed because he ___. | would not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church in England |
| The purpose of the Council of Trent was to ___. | direct the reform of the Catholic Church |
| Unlike Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through ___. | human reasoning |
| In the 1600s, Robert Boyle's work transformed the field of ___. | chemistry |
| T or F: Martin Luther's original intent with his theses was to create a new church | false |
| T or F: The Roman Catholic Church was a model of Christian love and treated all of its believers faithfully | false |
| T or F: The popes were great feudal lords and sometimes went to battle to protect their lands | true |
| T or F: John Wycliffe was burned at the stake for his outspoken criticism of the Church | false |
| T or F: Martin Luther was a Roman Catholic Bishop when he spoke out against the abuses of the Church | false |
| T or F: The 95 theses were pounded on the door of a church so there would be so much noise to attract the attention of all the people | false |
| T or F: The 95 theses were all made up falsehoods by Martin Luther | false |
| T or F: Johann Tetzel was one of the best salesman the Roman Catholic Church had | true |
| T or F: Indulgences were an easy way to heaven. | false |
| T or F: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sided with the pope in his persecution of Luther. | true |
| T or F: The word Protestant was used to describe the people that opposed the Roman Catholic Church. | true |
| T or F: All the people who supported Luther did so on the basis of faith. | false |
| T or F: The Peace of Augsburg was revolutionary in the treatment of the lowest class of people. | true |
| T or F: John Calvin believed that faith guaranteed everyone a place in heaven. | false |
| T or F: The ideal place to live during the Renaissance was Geneva, Switzerland because the secular rule was fair and the citizens could worship freely. | false |
| T or F: Calvinists believed in harsher punishments for Believers. | true |
| T or F: The Protestant religion broke up into many different sects. | true |
| wrote about the manners of the aristocratic class | Castiglione |
| painted the ceiling of the Sistine chapel | Michelangelo |
| painted the Mona Lisa | Leonardo da Vinci |
| made plans for the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral | Michelangelo |
| wrote The Prince | Machiavelli |
| painted the Last Supper | Leonardo da Vinci |
| wrote "For all time" | Shakespeare |
| sculpted Moses | Michelangelo |
| painted the School of Athens | Raphael |
| sculpted David | Michelangelo |
| painted peasant scenes | Peter Bruegel |
| wrote Utopia | Thomas More |
| named "Leonardo of the North" | Durer |
| greatest humanist of Northern Europe | Erasmus |
| painted townspeople and religious scenes | Jan van Eyck |
| wrote a comedy about two giants | Rabelais |
| T or F: The Renaissance involved learning from classical Greek and Egypt. | false |
| T or F: Humanism is an intellectual movement to understand classical cultures and a better understanding of the current times people are living in. | true |
| T or F: Petrarch was from the city state of Florence and is remembered for the library he collected. | true |
| T or F: Greece's location made it the natural place for the start of the Renaissance. | false |
| T or F: The Medici family is a great example of a powerful merchant class family exerting its influence over a city state. | true |
| T or F: The definition of patrons of the arts is that people were the fathers of the artists. | false |
| T or F: The Renaissance time period included many new artistic techniques, including perspective, shading, lighting, using charcoal, mosaics, and drawing on cave walls. | false |
| T or F: Gothic architecture enjoyed a great resurgence of popularity during the Renaissance | false |
| started the Church of England | Henry VIII |
| received the title "Defender of the Faith" | Henry VIII |
| second daughter of King Henry VIII | Elizabeth I |
| cousin of Queen Elizabeth | Mary Queen of Scots |
| mother lost her head because of an affair | Elizabeth I |
| wrote letters to Philip of Spain | Mary Queen of Scots |
| "Bloody Mary" | Mary Tudor |
| monarch when England defeated the Spanish Armada | Elizabeth I |
| loved to have Protestants put to death | Mary Tudor |
| described the working of the heart as a pump | Harvey |
| universe followed very strict laws | Newton |
| polish scholar who first proposed heliocentric model of the universe | Copernicus |
| perfected microscope and saw cells | Leeuwenhoek |
| on deathbed said, "and yet it moves" | Galileo |
| ancient physician who set medical standards | Galen |
| "I think, therefore I am." | Descartes |
| laws of planetary motion | Newton |
| stressed experimentation and observation | Bacon |
| created calculus | Newton |
| placed under house arrest by Catholic Church for his scientific beliefs | Galileo |
| wanted science to make life better by leading to practical technologies | Bacon |
| created the graph | Descartes |
| T or F: Christopher Columbus was so confident in his belief that the world was round that eagerly shared the progress of the ships' voyage with the crew. | False |
| T or F: New technology in shipbuilding allowed the Europeans to explore the world in the 1400s. | True |
| t or f: Vasco de Gama was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope. | false |
| T or F: The Europeans were the first people to enslave Africans | false |
| T or F: The Dutch were the dominant power in India until the 1900s. | False |
| T or F: The United States was the country that brought China out of its isolation in the 1850s. | false |
| T or F: The Spanish were the first to solve the problem of scurvy at sea. | False |
| T or F: Columbus sailed from Italy when he started his voyage of exploration. | false |
| T or F: Columbus was a rich man when he died. | false |
| T or F: The Mughal Empire was so large and powerful that the rulers saw no problem in trading with the Europeans. | true |
| T or F: The Koreans had a proverb which described their situation, "a shrimp among whales." | true |
| T or F: Ferdinand and Isabella made Spain stronger by expelling the Jews. | false |
| T or F: Afonso de Albuquerque won trading posts through force. | true |
| T or F: The Filipino people were largely converted to the Islamic faith. | false |
| T or F: The actual Line of Demarcation was unclear because geography at the time was imprecise. | true |
| T or F: Japan was known as the "Hermit Kingdom" because of its isolation. | false |
| T or F: The Boers treated the Africans as allies because the Africans helped the Boers defeat the Portuguese. | False |
| The southern tip of Africa became known as the Cape of Good Hope because ___. | rounding it gave sailors a direct sea route to Asia. |
| What two Europeans powers agreed to the Line of Demarcation? | the Spanish and the Portuguese |
| After Mughal power declined, what group took control over most of India? | the British East India Company |
| After the Japanese and Manchus invaded Korea, the Koreans responded by ___. | excluding foreigners from their nations |
| The first Europeans to challenge the Portuguese control of Asian trade were the ___. | Dutch |
| What group of people enslaved Africans before the Europeans did? | Arabs |
| What did Lord Macartney refuse to do for the Chinese emperor? | Kowtow |
| T or F: Under their ruler, Osei Tutu, the Asante had a monopoly on the slave and gold trade. | True |
| T or F: The man that spurred on exploration in the 1400s was King Henry of Spain. | false |
| T or F: The Boers were Spanish and Portuguese farmers. | false |
| T or F: The Dutch people who built a great trading empire were from the Netherlands. | true |
| T or F: The Catholic missionaries from the Jesuit order were especially welcomed in China. | true |
| T or F: The Catholic missionaries sent to Japan were ineffectual in making converts. | false |
| The ___ was the part of the triangular trade route that shipped African slaves to the America. | Middle Passage |
| The Aztec emperor who ruled over the fabulous city of Tenochtitlan was ___. | Moctezuma |
| People who take financial risks to make money are ___. | entrepreneurs |
| The Spanish who conquered the Americas were called ___. | conquistadors |
| Under a system called ___, Native Americans were forced to work under brutal conditions. | encomiendas |
| High officials called ___ ruled large colonial territories in the name of the monarch. | viceroys |
| The economic policy called ___ was based on a nation exporting more goods than it imports. | mercantilism |
| In 1521, an expedition led by ___ captured the treasure of the Aztecs. | Hernan Cortes |
| The explorer ___ claimed much of present-day eastern Canada for France. | Jacques Cartier |
| Pirates who operated with the approval of European governments were ___. | privateers |
| Who was the conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish emperor? | Francisco Pizarro |
| Through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1492, ___. | Portugal claimed its empire of Brazil |
| The population of New France grew slowly because ___. | the harsh winter kept many French from settling there |
| The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as ___. | havens for persecuted religious groups |
| The first leg of the triangular trade route ___. | brought European goods to Africa |
| Widespread inflation struck Europe in mid-1500s due to the increasing amounts of ___. | silver and gold from the Americas |
| T or F: Cortes would not have been so successful without the help of a woman. | True |
| T or F: Representatives who ruled in the name of the King of Spain were titled viceroy. | True |
| T or F: The French first crossed the Atlantic Ocean for fish. | True |
| T or F: The first French permanent settlement in Canada was Ottawa. | False |
| Both Cortes and Pizarro encountered ___. | rival Spanish factions |
| What disease was not one of the particularly devastating ones for Native Americans? | plague |
| Workers forced to work off a debt were known as ___. | peons |
| The Spanish lawmaking body for the colonies was the ___. | Council of the Indies |
| Who urged the importation of workers from Africa and later regretted it? | Bartolome de Las Casa |
| The war between Britain and France during the 1700s was called the ___. | French and Indian War |
| British dominance in North America was ensured by the ___. | Treaty of Paris |
| Which English colony was started as a place for prisoners? | Georgia |
| Most African slaves were taken from ___. | inland villages |
| The nomadic peoples of western North America benefited greatly from the European importation of ___. | horses |
| T or F: Potatoes were native to Europe and came to the New World in the Columbian Exchange. | false |
| T or F: Capitalism is a system where the government only controls half of the businesses. | false |
| T or F: A key reason the Spanish were able to dominate the Aztecs is that their leader, Atahualpa, had just completed a civil was against his brother. | false |
| T or F: Incomes from all kinds of taxes are revenues. | true |
| T or F: Revolts by crew or captives on a boat are called coups. | false |
| Place the following people in the proper social order from the top to the bottom: Native Americans, Mestizos, Creoles, Peninsulares, Mulattoes | Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes, Native Americans |
| Where did the Bourbans rule? | France |
| Where did the Hapsburgs rule? | South America, Holy Roman Empire, Austria |
| Where did the Stuarts rule? | England and Scotland |
| Where did the Hohenzollerns rule? | Prussia |
| Where did the Romanovs rule? | Russia |
| Where did the Tudors rule? | England |
| Many European monarchs believed in ___, or that their authority came directly from God. | divine right |
| A ___ consists of high-ranking government leaders who advise a head of state. | cabinet |
| Landowning Russian nobles, or ___, opposed Peter the Great's attempts at westernization. | boyars |
| The German princes who chose the Holy Roman emperor were called ___. | electors |
| King Henry IV passed laws to protect French Protestants who were called ___. | Huguenots |
| The ___ of Poland divided Polish lands among Russia, Prussia, and Austria. | partitions |
| English Protestants who differed with the Church of England were known as ___. | dissenters |
| ___ was a Greek painter who was a master of the Spanish style. | El Greco |
| During the Thirty Years' War, roving armies of ___, or soldiers for hire, killed without mercy. | mercenaries |
| Royal officials who carried out the policies of Louis XIV were called ___. | intendants |
| What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V? | Ottomans advancing across Europe |
| An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to ___. | defend the Catholic Reformation. |
| What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution? | limited monarchy |
| What did Maria Theresa do to strengthen the Hapsburg empire? | She reorganized the Hapsburg bureaucracy. |
| Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to ___. | gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea |
| Under the rule of Catherina the Great, ___. | Russia seized lands in eastern Poland |
| T or F: Don Quixote was the writer of the book Miquel de Cervantes. | false |
| T or F: Spain defeated the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Lepanto. | true |
| T or F: Cardinal Richelieu was chief minister under Louis XIII and strengthened the central government. | true |
| T or F: The Louvre was the palace of the Sun Kin. | false |
| T or F: Supporters of Charles I in the English Civil War were called cavaliers. | true |
| T or F: William and Mary had to accept acts known as the Petition of Rights. | false |
| T or F: Peter the Great made the nobles shave their beards. | true |
| T or F: Peter built a new capital city, which he called Petersborough. | false |
| T or F: Under Catherina the Great, more people became serfs than under Peter the Great. | true |
| T or F: Russian landowning nobles were called Junkers. | false |
| T or F: Catherine the Great became Tsarina, even though she was not born in Russia. | true |
| T or F: After Charles VI's death, Frederick II of Prussian seized the Hapsburg land of Silesia. | true |
| T or F: Maria Theresa was the only female Hapsburg to rule. | true |
| T or F: The Northern German states remained faithful to the Roman Catholic faith. | false |
| T or F: A government in which power belongs to a few people is called an oligarchy. | true |
| T or F: Levellers believed that all Frenchmen had the same rights. | false |
| T or F: James VI was responsible for having the King James version of the Bible written. | true |
| T or F: Cromwell worked with the Long Parliament when he was Lord Protector. | false |
| T or F: Russia started the Great Northern War against Sweden and eventually won. | true |
| T or F: Peter the Great wanted to conquer Sweden because he needed a warm water port for Russia. | false |
| T or F: Philip III was king of Spain during the time of the Spanish Armada. | false |
| T or F: Cardinal Richelieu received training to become a military officer before switching careers to the service of the church. | true |
| T or F: Versailles was a great symbol of power for Prussia. | false |
| Place English monarchs in order they ruled from longest ago to most recent: James I, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, Charles I, William and Mary, Bloody Mary, Charles II, Cromwell, James II. | Henry VIII, Bloody Mary, Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, Cromwell, Charles II, James II, William and Mary. |
| T or F: Philip II of Spain had four wives. | true |
| T or F:The French armada defeated the English Navy in 1590. | false |
| T or F: Huguenots were Jewish people who wanted to practice their faith. | false |
| T or F: Louis XIII was the king who said "I am the State." | false |
| T or F: Versailles is just like all the other castles in Europe. | false |
| T or F: Electors were Germanic princes who selected the Holy Roman Emperor. | true |
| T or F: Frederick II of Prussia always wanted to be a military leader. He studied military history and trained hard from his birth. That is why he deserves to be called Frederick the Great. | false |
| T or F: Peter the Great made the boyars cut their beards so they would look more like Western Europeans. | true |
| T or F: Throughout the 1700s the nation of Poland was divided three times between Prussia, Russian and Austria. This caused Poland to disappear from the European map. | true |
| T or F: The English Bill of Rights includes some of the same rights as guaranteed in the United States' Bill of Rights. | true |
| T or F: The Prime Minister of England is the leader of the opposition party. | false |
| T or F: At one point in history, the Spanish ruled over all of Europe with the exception of France. | false |
| T or F: A key reason for Spain's demise was their many wars. | true |
| T or F: The Ottoman Empire was allied with France, which made life very difficult for the Hapsburgs. | false |
| T or F: The Edict of Nantes granted the Pilgrims religious toleration and other freedoms. | false |
| T or F: The Peace of Westphalia stopped the fighting in Germany and created a new unified country. | false |
| T or F: The Puritans were only seeking religious freedom for all people and gladly accepted any ruler as their monarch. | false |
| A light, delicate style of art called ___ that was used during the power of Louis XV. | rococo |
| The principle of ___ states that all government power come from the people. | popular sovereignty |
| The Enlightenment thinker ___ believed in the idea of the separation of powers in government. | Montesquieu |
| Taxes imposed on the colonies by the government of ___ helped bring about the American Revolution. | George III |
| Economist ___ argued for a free market in which businesses can operate with few government rules. | Adam Smith |
| In an informal social gathering called a ___, Enlightenment thinkers could talk about their ideas. | salon |
| ___ helped spread Enlightenment ideas y publishing a collection of articles by leading thinkers. | Diderot |
| ___ wrote most of the Declaration of Independence. | Thomas Jefferson |
| The grand, formal style of art called ___ was popular during the rule of Louis XIV. | baroque |
| In her book "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal ___. | education |
| What did physiocrats believe was the best trade policy? | laissez faire |
| Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they ___. | challenged the old order |
| An enlightened despot was a ruler who ___. | influenced political and social change |
| Because the American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups, ___. | social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe |
| The Battle of Saratoga was important to the American Revolution because ___. | the American victory convinced France to support America. |
| American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise ___. | the Articles of Confederation. |
| T or F: Immanuel Kant described the era of the 1700s as "enlightened." | true |
| T or F: Thomas Hobbes is the author of "Leviathan." | true |
| T or F: Rousseau said, "my trade is to say what I think." | false |
| T or F: The Reformation revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment. | false |
| T or F: Maria Theresa toyed with implementing Enlightenment ideas while ruling Russia. | false |
| T or F:The Church often embraced the changes of the Enlightenment because all people benefited from the positive changes. | false |
| T or F: Parliament passed the Navigation Acts in the 1600s to impose harsh penalties on pirates. | false |
| T or F: James Monroe was the author of the Constitution of the United States. | false |
| T or F: Benjamin Franklin was a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, and diplomat. | true |
| T or F:Frederic II ruled Austria during the Age of Enlightenment, ending censorship and abolishing serfdom during his reign. | false |
| T or F: France supported the American Revolution after the victory in Boston Harbor. | false |
| What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behavior and society? | natural law |
| Which woman did not protest the Philosophes' inaction towards their gender? | Anne Stuart |
| Which enlightened despot considered him/her self to be the "first servant of the state"? | Frederick the Great |
| T or F: Thomas Hobbes was the first person to describe the era as enlightened. | false |
| T or F: Rousseau believed that people in their natural state were immoral. | false |
| T or F: Mercantilism replaced laissez faire as the main focus of government economic policy. | false |
| T or F: Daniel Defore's story is outdated and no longer has entertainment appeal. | false |
| T or F: The French government reacted to the first Encyclopedia by incorporating it into the government processes. | false |
| During the French Revolution, ___ was executed for demanding equal rights for women. | Olympe de Gouges |
| Bankers and merchants were members of the ___, or French middle class. | bourgeoisie |
| Napoleon tried to defeat the British by using the ___, a strategy of closing European ports to British goods. | Continental System |
| Each time Napoleon held a ___ during his rise to power, the voters strongly supported him. | plebiscite |
| Spanish patriots used ___, or hit-and-run raids, to resist French rule. | guerrilla warfare |
| The laws of the ___ included many Enlightenment ideas. | Napoleonic Code |
| The moderate revolutionary leader ___ fought alongside George Washington and was head of the French National Guard. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| The old order in which France was divided into three social classes was called the ___. | ancien regime |
| During the Reign of Terror, condemned people were beheaded using the ___. | guillotine |
| T or F: Dr. Joseph Guillotin introduced the guillotine as a more humane method of beheading people. | true |
| T or F: Napoleon never lost a battle in which he commanded French troops. | false |
| T or F: A chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was maintain the balance of power. | true |
| T or F: The Reign of Terror happened because the French king needed to punish the people for trying to overthrow his rule. | false |
| T or F: Throughout the French Revolutionary era, suffrage always stayed the same. | false |
| T or F: The fourth estate is considered to be the press. | true |
| T or F: A coalition is a group of people who come together for a common cause. | true |
| T or F: The poor people of France always had cheese to eat. | false |
| In France's old order, the clergy belonged to the ___. | First Estate |
| Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial advisor, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed ___. | taxing the First and Second estates |
| The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the ___. | United States Constitution |
| The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by ___. | instituting an income tax. |
| When the new National Convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create? | a republic |
| The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the ___. | Jacobins |
| Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire? | Britain |
| What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon? | scorched-earth policy |
| The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by ___. | restoring Napoleon to the throne |
| T or F: When the Parisians stormed the Bastille they expected to find hundreds of weapons to use in the revolution. | true |
| T or F: The poorest citizens of France were called cahiers. | false |
| T or F: Claiming to represent France, the National Assembly met and delivered the Tennis Court Oath. | true |
| T or F: Napoleon capitalized upon nationalism to make Europe the greatest group of nations in the world. | true |
| T or F: Robespierre's enemies called him "the incorruptible" because they admired his methods of running the government so much. | false |
| T or F: When you have met your "Waterloo," that means just like Napoleon, you have met your final defeat. | true |
| In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from the ___. | Third Estate |
| The poorest members of the Third Estate were ___. | urban workers |
| The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to ___. | return to Paris |
| In the Declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria ___. | threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy |
| Robespierre believed that France could achieve a "republic of virtue" only through ___. | the use of terror |
| After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board called the ___. | Consulate |
| Under the Napoleonic Code ___. | men regained complete authority over their wives |
| T or F: Marie Antoinette was a hero of two world since she was a native Austrian (the daughter of the empress) and the queen of France. | false |
| T or F: In the Napoleonic era, France was considered to be the whale and Britain the elephant. | false |
| What is the date of Bastille Day? | July 14, 1789 |
| What is the name of the island that Napoleon was exiled to until his death? | St. Helena |
| Who was the famous Englishman that supported the American Revolution, but argued that the French Revolution was going to be bad for all of Europe? | E. Burke |
| Capitalists called ___ take on the financial risk of starting and managing new businesses. | entrepreneurs |
| ___ put his utopian ideas into practice by setting up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland. | Robert Owen |
| British philosopher and economist ___ believed in a utilitarian doctrine. | Jeremy Bentham |
| Marx referred to the working class as the ___. | proletariat |
| The Industrial Revolution brought rapid ___ as people migrated to cities to find work. | urbanization |
| A business organization, or ___, in areas such as shipping, mining, or factories, helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. | enterprise |
| Travelers on a ___, or private road, often had to pay a fee for its use. | turnpike |
| A drug that prevents pain during surgery, called ___, was patented by an American dentist. | anesthetic |
| Working-class families in cities typically lived in a ___, or multistory apartment building. | tenement |
| ___ improved the steam engine in the late 1700s, helping to provide power for the Industrial Revolution. | James Watt |
| During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way? | People migrated from rural areas to cities. |
| The cotton gin was a machine that could ___. | separate seeds from raw cotton |
| The first factories developed in what industry? | textiles |
| What was the first railroad line? | Liverpool-Manchester |
| In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby's experiments led him to ___. | produce a less expensive, better-quality iron |
| Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because ___. | disease was a natural means of population control |
| What describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?" | Wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families. |
| "The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was the goal of ___. | utilitarianism |
| Germany formed a social democracy in the 1860s to change gradually ___. | from capitalism to socialism |
| Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it ___. | created prosperity for a few and poverty for many |
| T or F: The agricultural revolution forced many farmers out of business. | true |
| T or F: The process of enclosure was the separation of the iron from the ore. | false |
| T or F: People benefited materially from the industrial revolution. | true |
| T or F: The English led the way in the agricultural revolution. | true |
| T or F: Many canals in England went bankrupt because the cost of coal was cut in half. | true |
| T or F: The Anglicans went into the slums and taught the working poor Sunday School. | true |
| T or F: Middle-class meant the same social-economic group as the working class. | true |
| T or F: Farm work was just as hard and tedious as factory work. | true |
| T or F: Water was the most important source for power in the early industrial revolution. | false |
| T or F: Jethro Tull's invention helped prevent waste within the agricultural world. | true |
| T or F: Charles Dickens was a great American writer who wrote about the ills of the Industrial Revolution. | false |
| T or F: Louis Philippe was known as the citizen king. | true |
| T or F: Napoleon III received his number because he was the grandson of Napoleon. | false |
| T or F: The German and Italian revolts of 1848 were successful in creating new nations. | false |
| T or F: Holland became fully independent in 1831 because of the rebellion in Paris in 1830. | false |
| T or F: The "June Days" in 1848 proved deadly to 1500 workers in Germany. | false |
| T or F: The iron horse was the nickname given to the steam boats. | false |
| T or F: Robert Fulton was the first person to create a steam locomotive. | false |
| T or F: Karl Marx's ideas were embraced by the different governments of Europe. | false |
| T or F: Children were an important labor source during the industrial revolution. | true |
| T or F: Thomas Malthus believed the population would grow faster than the food supply. | true |
| T or F: John Stuart Mill believed the government should step in and help the weak. | true |
| What nation successfully gained independence in 1831 following the spread of revolutionary ideas in 1830? | Belgium |
| The founder of the Methodist church was ___. | Wesley |
| From 1850 to 1900 the population of London ___. | more than doubled in size |
| Which country placed the Pope back in power after the Revolutions of 1848? | France |
| Name the man that helped Engles with his writings. | Karl Marx |
| Name some machines that were constructed to increase cotton production. | flying shuttle, cotton gin, spinning jenny. |
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