Final Chemistry Exam Quizlet
Order by
71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Potential Energy | Energy stored in molecules or present because of an objects position |
| Kinetic theory | Tiny particles in all forms that are constantly moving |
| Gas pressure | Result of stimulation collisions of billions upon billions of gas particles with an object |
| Vacuum | An area that does no contain any matter in gaseous form |
| Pascal | SI unit of pressure |
| STP | 101.3 kPA or 1 atm and 0 C or 273 K |
| Evaporation | The phase change from liquid to vapor |
| Vapor pressure | Tiny particles in matter are in constant motion, they collide with other matter which creates pressure, the pressure is exerted by a vapo |
| Allotrope | Different structural forms of the same substance |
| Sublimation | The phase change from solid directly to vapor |
| Triple point | The pressure and temperature at which solids/liquids/gases of the same substance exist |
| Plasma | The fourth phase of matter defined by extremly high energy levels |
| Energy | The ability to do work or supply heat |
| Chemical potential energy | Energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances |
| Heat | Energy that flows from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| The Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it only changes form |
| Thermochemistry | The study of heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical changes |
| calorie | The amount o heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1 C |
| Calorie | dietary calorie; 1C=1000c=4186J |
| Joule | The SI unit of heat and energy |
| Heat capacity | Depends on the mass of a substance and the substance itself |
| Specific heat | The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 C |
| System | The specific part of the universe on which you focus your attention |
| Surroundings | Everything outside of the system |
| Universe | System and surroundings combined |
| Endothermic | A chemical reaction or process that absorbs energy from the surroundings |
| Exothermic | A chemical reaction or process that releases energy to the surroundings |
| Enthalpy | The heat content for systems at constant pressure |
| Heat of fusion | The amount of energy required to transform a substance from a liquid state to a solid state |
| Heat of vaporization | The energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance into a gas |
| Hess's Law | Add two more more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you can also add the heat changes to give the final heat change |
| Boyle's Law | A change in pressure is inversely proportional to a change in volume. If volume increases, pressure decreases. |
| Charle's Law | A change in volume is directly proportional to a change in temperature. If volume increases, temperature increases. |
| Dalton's Law | Total pressure exerted by a gas shift mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixture |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| Effusion | The movement of gas through a small hole |
| Electron configuration | The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom in its grounded state |
| Orbital | An energy level where an electron will most likely be found. |
| Quantum | A small package, or unit, of electromagnetic energy; the amount of energy required to move one electron from its present energy level to the next higher one. |
| Planck's constant | Developed the constant used to calculate radiant energy. |
| Photon | A quantum of light; a discrete bungle of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle. |
| Periodic Table | Elements are arranged according to similarities in their properties. |
| Group | Up and down, same as the valence electrons |
| Period | Run across the periodic table |
| Electronegativity | The tendency of an atom to attract electrons |
| Ionization energy | The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom |
| Valence electrons | Electrons in the outer-most energy level of an atom |
| Ionic bond | A bond created between particles |
| Covalent bond | A bond created between atoms that share valence electrons |
| Metallic bond | The bond between metals created by free-flowing electrons |
| Octet rule | Energy shells fill to 8 electrons before moving to the next level |
| Cation | Any atom or groups of atoms with a positive charge. |
| Anion | Atom or groups of atoms with a negative charge |
| Heat capacity | The quantity of heat required to change an objects temperature by exactly 1 degree celsius |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture at the atomic level, such as saltwater |
| Solvent | The substance that other substances are dissolved in |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved |
| Solubility | The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution. |
| Saturated | A solution where the concentration is at a maximum |
| Dilution | When additional solvent is added to decrease the concentration |
| Molarity | A cocentration unit that compares moles of solute to 1 liter of solution |
| Crystal | A solid with formal internal structure |
| Molality | A concentration unit that compares moles of solute to kg of solvent |
| Amorphous | A solid with no formal internal structure |
| Cohesion | A substances ability to stick to itself |
| Adhesion | A substance's ability to stick to another substance |
| Atom | smallest piece of an element |
| Ideal gas law | calculates the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles using the constant |
| Kelvin | SI unit for temperature |
| Limiting reagent | Substance that you use up first in a chmical reaction |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion, the energy an object has because of its motion |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.