1.
Aerotolerant Anaerobes: Do not use oxygen in their metabolism but can grow in the presence of oxygen
2.
Auxotrophy: Organisms are unable to synthesize their own growth factors
3.
Bacteria that can form endospores: Bacillus
Clostridium
4.
Binary Fission: A process where two identical daughter cells arise from the splitting of their mother cell
5.
Budding: A process where one small daughter cell pops out of the larger mother cell
6.
Common pathogen that is osmotolerant:: Staphylococcus aureus (salt tolerant) which is why it grows on the skin
7.
Common pathogen that prefers an alkaline environment:: Vibrio cholerae
8.
Death Phase: Due to a build up of toxins or use of all the nutrients, all the cells begin to die in the microbial population
9.
Enzymes that microbes use to degrade ROS: Superoxide dismutase
Catalase
Peroxidase
10.
Examples of microaerophiles: Campylobacter
Helicobacter
11.
Facultative Organisms: Can switch between aerobic and anaerobic energy generation
12.
Generation Time: Time it takes for a microbial population to double
13.
Haloduric: Salt tolerant
14.
Lag Phase: Time where bacteria are adapting to their new environment and seeing what nutrients and toxins are present
15.
Logarithmic Phase: Phase where microbes are doubling in a giving time forming an exponential increase in population size
16.
Mesophiles: Organisms that prefer to grow at temperatures between 30C and 37C
17.
Microaerophiles: Require some oxygen but cannot tolerate atmospheric levels
18.
Neutrophiles: Organisms that prefer to grow at pHs between 5.5 and 8.0
19.
Nutrients Required for Microbial Growth: Iron
Growth Factors
Purines and pyrimidines
Amino acids
Vitamins
20.
Obligate Aerobes: Require oxygen for metabolism because they use the TCA cycle and the ETC with oxygen as the final electron acceptor (can't use other electron acceptors)
21.
Osmotolerant: Organism is able to live in high solute concentrations
22.
Phases of Microbial Population Growth: Lag Phase
Logarithmic Phase
Stationary Phase
Death Phase
23.
Shortcomings of the Viable Plate Count: Not all living bacteria in a sample form distinct colonies and therefore they are not counted
24.
Siderophores: Iron-scavenging peptides produced by bacteria that have a higher affinity for iron compared to human proteins
25.
Sporulation: When conditions are poor, some bacteria will form endospores which make them heat, chemical, and radiation resistant
26.
Stationary Phase: The population is in equilibrium (# new cells = # cell deaths)
27.
Strict Anaerobes: Cannot survive in oxygen environment and also, therefore they cannot detoxify ROS and they have to use fermentative pathways
28.
Viable Plate Count: Laboratory process that dilutes samples and grows them on agar plates then counts the number of colonies on the plates and uses that to calculate the number of viable bacteria in the sample
29.
What Phase of Microbial Population Growth does sporulation take place?: Stationary Phase
30.
What Phase of Microbial Population Growth is Best for Gram Staining?: Logarithmic Phase
31.
What Phase of Microbial Population Growth is Most Susceptible to Antibioticis?: Logarithmic phase
