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137 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Osmosis | Water passing through the cell membrane from higher concentrate to lower concentration |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Chloride ions passing through a membrane channel from high to low concentration. |
| Cholesterol | Is a type of membrane protein |
| Hyposmotic | In the figure where the blood cell is 0.9% and outside the cell is 0.5%, what is this called. |
| Swell and Burst | Where the blood cell is 0.9% and outside the cell is 0.5%, what will happen. |
| Pinocytosis | If molecules of a liqued are absorbing into a cell. The picture of the dots going into the ground. |
| Active Transport | The sodium potassium pump is an example of what. |
| Sodium Potassium pump pumps | 3 Sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions pumped in. |
| All the time. | Photosynthesis in plants occurs only during the day, Respiration in plants only occurs. |
| Sodium- Potassium Pump | Is not considered to be passive transport. |
| Denatured | At very high temperatures, most enzymes. |
| Highly specific, lower activation energy, remain unchanged. | Describe Characteristics of an enzyme |
| Provided by ATP | Energy required for most endergonic reactions in the cell. |
| C6H12O6 + 02 - CO2 + H20 + Free Energy (ATP) | The equation for aerobic respiration. |
| Gycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain | Steps in aerobic respiration in order are. |
| Describes the role of NADH and FADH in aerobic respiration | They act as Electron carriers and donate electrons to form a proton-- motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
| Chemical Bonds | Anabolic reactions are reactions that make |
| The product of one reaction becomes the substrate fo the next reaction | Is true regarding regulation of biochemical pathways |
| Electron Transport Chain | What process of aerobic respiration generates the most ATP. |
| Citric acid cycle | What process of aerobic respiration generates the most NADH |
| plasmid | genetic engineering of bacteria involves what kind of DNA? |
| 6H20 and glucose | Complete the photosynthesis reaction, 6CO2 + ___ + sunlight - ___ + 602 + 6H20 |
| Primary Functions of Photosynthesis | Use photons to reduce NADP to NADPH and make ATP then during a second series of reactions use ATP to make G3P and additional carbohydrates. |
| Photosystem | A network of pigments that channels excitation energy gathered by any of the molecules to the reaction center. |
| 32 | How many net ATP can optimally be made from the breakdown of one molecule of glycose. |
| CO2 is fixed and further fixed in a separate type of cell in the leaf. | C4 photosynthesis is an adaption to hot dry conditions in which |
| does not describe facilitated diffusion of ions across a membrane | What does not describe, Requiers ATP to move ions against concentration gradent |
| 2nd Law of Themodynamics | The statement that energy moves from a more ordered, less stable form towards a less ordered state, move stable form a agrees with |
| Convert light to a chemical energy form that heterotrophs can use | What advantage do autotrophs provide to heterophic organismis |
| Green Light | If you were growing indoor plants at your home, which light sources would be the worst for your plant. |
| Chlorophyll A | Is the primary pigment responsible for absorbtion of photon energy in photosynthesis organisms. |
| CAM plants lose more water than c4 plants | Is not true regarding differences between c4 anc CAM photosynthesis |
| Discharge of material from the cell | Exocytosis involves |
| Multienzyme complex contains | many enzymes that catalys a series of reactions |
| Out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space | The electron transport chain pumps proton |
| Anaerobic respiration, glycolisis, A.R., Fermantation | Process allows for the recycling of NADH cells |
| Swell | Animal cells placed in distilled water would |
| False | Proteins all extend from one side of the membrane to the other |
| decrease | enzymes_ the activation energy of reactions. |
| Cyclic transport produces only ATP while noncylic produces ATP and NADPH | Most accuretley describes the difference between cyclic and noncyclic electron transport |
| G3P is stored as glycogen | Which is not a fate of G3P that is producedby the calvin cycle |
| Amount of Nucleic acids in the cell | Which does not influence membrane fluidity |
| Symport | During active transport 1 0f 3 protein systems are involved. They are uniport, symport, antiport - Which one can be described as a protein chanel that moves 2 solutes in the same direction. |
| 3.5 Billion | Years ago living things first appear |
| 1.5 Billion | First eukaryotes arose |
| Oxygen | Scientist are most certain that the atmosphere on the primitive earth did not contain |
| All cells are surrounded by a cell wall | Is not part of cell theory |
| Ribosomes | The site of protein synthesis |
| Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts | Have a double membrane and contain DNA. |
| Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus and prokaryotes don't. | One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
| Acid | Substance with a high concentration of hydrogen ion is |
| They link amino acids to form proteins | The statement is true according to peptide bonds |
| Solution has PH of 5 | What is the solution. Increase hydrogen ion concentration: The PH will decrease and the solution becomes more acidic |
| Protein | Enzyme |
| Adenine, cytosine, gyanine, thymine | Lists nitrogenous bases found in DNA |
| Monosaccharide | Carbohydrate |
| Amino acids | Protein |
| Triglycerides or fatty acids | Lipid |
| Nucleotide | Nucleic Acid |
| Energy | Not a function of protein |
| Fats, unsaturated | Olive oil, liquid at room temperature |
| Bacteria and Archaea | Two domains that describe prokaryotes |
| Covalent | Chemical bond strongest in water |
| Observe, question, hypothesis, predictions, testings | Scientific Method |
| 10 | Element has first 5 electron orbitals completly filled, how many total electrons are present around this. |
| 2 | How many electons shells, with 10, are filled around this element |
| Secondary | Which protein structure is entirly alpha helices and beta sheets |
| Plant cells contain chloroplasts and animal cells dont | Which is a true difference between plant and animal cell |
| Cells limited in size. | Cell becomes larger, the volume increases, outweighs the area increase. |
| Movement | Not a property required for life |
| Contains more protons than electrons | True for an atom with a positive charge |
| components of a nucleotide | Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base |
| Absorbs excess H+ | True concerning how antiacids work as a buffer |
| Water | Which is not considered a macromolecule |
| hydrolysis reactions | Involves adding water molecules to break a covalent bond |
| Both contain identical nucleotides, A,T,G,C | Which is not a similarity between RNA and DNA |
| 1:2:1 Ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | Distinguish carbohydrates from other macromolecues |
| Chemical Evolution | The Miller-Urey experiment supports which, "Origin of Life", hypothesis |
| Eukarya | Ability to reproduce sexually and the presence of multicellularity is unique to which domain |
| Nucleus | Storage of DNA |
| Cytoskeleton | Internal support and helps anchor organelles |
| Chloroplasts | Site of Photosynthesis |
| Golgi | Collect, package, distribute molecues made with in the cell and utilized at another location with in the cell |
| Equals the number of neutrons plus protons in an atom | Atomic number of an element |
| Polar | Hydrogen bond between 2 water molecules arises because water is |
| Subcomponets of a cells cytoskeleton | Microtubules, intermediate, filaments, microfilaments |
| Lipids | Which macromolecules is formed by ester linkages |
| The life cycle of a diplontic animal | Diploid_zygote- mitosis- Diploid_adult-meiosis- haplid_gamets-fertilization-diploid_zygote |
| Crossing over | Homologous exchange the tips of their chromosomes. |
| 24 | If a cell with 48 chromosomes divide by meiosis, how many chromosomes are present after TelophaseII |
| Mendel | The father of Genetics |
| Ss | Which is the proper symbol for a heterzygote |
| f a widows peak is dominant (W) to straight hairline (w) the homozygous recessive genotype is what, and the corresponding phenotype is what | ww, straight hairline |
| A baby only | The hospital loss the ID's of the three babies, (blood types AB, O,A) born one day. Which baby/babies could belong to a type AB mother and type O father. |
| Can be determined by mating it to a white rabbit and examine the offspring | You have a black rabbit B_. White fur is recessive in this type of rabbit. Both of the rabitts parents were black. The genotype of your rabbit is |
| Diploid, four | Mitosis results in two___ cells, while meiosis results in ___ haploid cells. |
| F2 Generation | When 2 parents are crossed an then the offspring from those parents are crossed the subsequent offspring are referred to as. |
| Test Cross | A homozygous recessive individual is crossed with an individual that displays a dominant phenotype in order to determine whether the second individual is heterzygous or homozygous dominant. |
| Codominant traits | In human ABO blood grouping there are 4 blood types, AB, A, B, O. The blood proteins A and B are what. |
| Down Syndrome | Which disorder is a result of nondisjuntive of autosomal chromosome |
| line up in the middle | Which depicts metaphase I of meiosis for a cell that is initially diploid with two pairs of chromosomes. |
| S phase | Replication of chromosomes occurs during which phase of the cell cycle |
| 1 Purple flower, and 1 White Flower | If a heterzygous pea plant having purple flowers is crossed with a homozygous pea plant haveing white flowers, the expected outcome offspring is purple is dominant to white. |
| 1/2 A, 1/2 B | A man with type AB blood marries a woman with type O blood. Their offspring should be. |
| 1/2 of the daughters will be colorblind, and 1/2 the sons will be colorblind. | If a man who is colorblind, marries a woman who is a carrier for colorblindness. |
| DNA Replication | The old DNA double helix unzips a bit at a time. New nucleotide bases are added to the inside of the strands. Eventualy the old double helix completley unzipsto create, two DNA double helixes each made of 1/2 old, and 1/2 new. |
| dRNA | Which is not a type of RNA involved in transcription and translation |
| ATGCCTGGAATT | If the oringinal strand of DNA has the sequence of, TACGGACCTTAA, the complementary strand is. |
| AUGCCUGGAAUU | You have transcribed the oringinal strand, ATGCCTGGAATT, so the resulting mRNA is. |
| UAC,GGA,CCU,UAA | The anti-codons, for the mRNA strand, AUGCCUGGAAUU, is. |
| AUG,CCU,GGA,AUU | The letters you would look up on a table of the genetic code to determine the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein woule be from this, UAC,GGA,CCU,UAA, would be. |
| 4 | The new protein that has been made from the above statement has how many amino acids associated with it, AUG, CCU, GGA, AUU. |
| Mendel's first law of Heredity, law of segregation | Alternate Alleles segregrate from each other in heterozygous individual and remain distinct. |
| Mendel's second law of Heredity | Alleles for 2 different trait assort independatley from each other. |
| Geneotype is the actual alleles, and phenotype is the physical trait | How does phenotype differ from genotype |
| RNA at the Ribosomes | Protein Synthesis, translation, is carried out by what. |
| DNA- RNA- PROTEINS | What is the central dogma of biology |
| Uracil instead of thymine | The nucleotide bases in RNA are identical to those in DNA with the exception that RNA contains. |
| AUG | If a mRNA codon reads UAC,it's complementary anticodon will be. |
| 1:1:1:1 | Red flowers are dominant to whtie flowers in peas. Inflated pods is crossed with a pea with white flowers and constricted pods. What will be the ratio of red inflated to red constricted to white inflated to white constricted. |
| 1/4 Red, 1/2 Pink, 1/4 White. | Red flowering snapdragons are homozygous fro the red allel. White flowering snapdragons are homozygous for the white allele. Heterzygous plants bear pink flowers. What phenotype ratios should appear among offspring of the following cross. Pink x Pink |
| Binary Fussion | Which term most accuratley describes how prokaryotes carry out cell division. |
| Semi- Conservatively | Which accuratley describes how DNA replicates |
| Mutationase | Which is not a repair mechanism that cells use to fix DNA. |
| Cancer Cells | Disruption of both the cyclin -CDK, check points and regulation of growth factor stimulated divison is most likely to cause what |
| Metaphase | Sister chromatids align on the cells equater |
| Anaphase | Sister chromotids seperate from one another and begin migrating towards opposite ends |
| prophase | Chromosomes condense and become visible |
| Telophase | Chromosomes have completly migrated to poles of the cell and the cell begins to divide. |
| Epistasis | One gene alters the effect of another gene |
| The Y Chromosome | The genetic sex of a human is determined by what |
| G1 | Mature nerve cells are incapable of cell division are most likely in. |
| Fertilization | In all sexual reproducing organisms the diploid phase of the life cycle begins at |
| Female wwSs, male Wwss | In humans, a widows peak is caused by a dominat allele W. A continuouss hairline is caused by a recessive allele w. Short fingers are S, and long fingers are s. A woman with a continuous hairline and short fingers, marries a man with a widow peeak and long fingers. Their children have, 1 - short fingers and widows peak, 2- has long fingers and a widows peak, 3 - long fingers and a continuous hairline. |
| A=T, G=C | Rule formulated by Erwin Chargaff states that |
| Alternating sugars and phosphates | Double stranded DNA looks a little like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix or spiral. The side supports of the ladder are. |
| 20% | 30% of the bases in a sample of DNA extracted from eukaryotic cells is adenine. What percentage of cytosine is present in this DNA. |
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