Unit 8 World History Test
Order by
79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anti-ballistic missles | missles that defended areas |
| Apartheid | a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites |
| Berlin Airlift | airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin |
| Berlin Blockade | A Soviet attempt to starve out the allies in Berlin in order to gain supremacy. The blockade was a high point in the Cold War, and it led to the Berlin Airlift. |
| Berlin Wall | a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West |
| Chiang Kai-shek | Leader of the Nationalist Party after 1925 |
| Chinese Civil War | civil war in China between the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party |
| Civil disobedience | a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination) |
| Cold War | a state of political conflict using means short of armed warfare |
| Collectivization | the organization of a nation or economy on the basis of collectivism |
| Communism | a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership |
| Containment policy | US policy to stop expansion of Soviet Union and Communism |
| Coup d'etat | A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group |
| Cuban Missle Crisis | a stand-off between the US and the Soviets brought by the threat of nuclear weapons |
| Cultural Revolution | a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard |
| Demilitarized zone | a zone from which military forces or operations or installations are prohibited |
| Deng Xiaoping | Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997) |
| Detente | the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations) |
| Deterrence theory | Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits |
| Dictatorship | form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority |
| Dienbienphu | Decisive victory that ended the French occupation of Vietnam |
| Domino theory | the idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control |
| Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) |
| Free enterprise | an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices |
| Glasnost | a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems |
| Golda Meir | Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978) |
| Great Leap Forward | a five-year economic plan that collectivized farms in China and put them into communes |
| Guerrillas | members of an irregular military force operating in small bands behind enemy lines |
| Harry S. Truman | elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term |
| Ho Chi Minh | communist leader of north vietnam |
| Indira Gandhi | daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984) |
| Iron Curtain | an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Leader of colonial opposition in Kenya |
| John F. Kennedy | 35th U.S. President. 1961-1963 (Assassinated). Democratic |
| Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| Kashmir | an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India |
| Khmer Rouge | a communist organization formed in Cambodia in 1970 |
| Kim Il Sung | communist ruler of North Korea |
| Konrad Adenauer | The first chancellor of West Germany; he was able to establish a stable democratic government. |
| Korean War | a war between North and South Korea |
| Kwame Nkrumah | founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first priesident |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982) |
| Long March | Mao Zedong's retreat into the mountains, escaping the Nationalists troops of Jian Jieshi |
| Mandate System | Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I. |
| Mao Zedong | Chinese communist leader (1893-1976) |
| Margaret Thatcher | British stateswoman |
| Marshall Plan | a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) |
| Mau Mau | a violent movement against European settlers that eventually led to Kenya's decolonization from Britain |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Soviet leader who began the reform policies of perestroika and glasnost |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | military strongman that gained control in Congo and changed its name to Zaire |
| Mohammed Ali Jinnah | (1876-1948) A president of Muslim League, advocated division of India into Pakistan |
| Mohandas Gandhi | leader of the Indian nationalis movement against the British rule. used nonviolence |
| Mujahedin | a military force of Muslim guerilla warriors engaged in a jihad |
| Nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Negritude Movement | movement that encouraged Africans to value their heritage. |
| Nelson Mandela | South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Soviet statesman and premier who denounced stalin (1894-1971) |
| Non-alignment | Policy of not supporting either side in a conflict - such as India during the Cold War |
| Nuclear weapons | weapons whose destructive power comes from a nuclear reaction |
| Pan-Africanism | a movement that stressed unity among all africans |
| Pan-Arabism | a nationalist movement built on the shared heritage of Arabs |
| Perestroika | an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union |
| PLO | a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine |
| Pol Pot | Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's |
| Pusan Perimeter | where united nations forces stopped north korean troops |
| Ronald Reagan | 40th President of the United States (1911-) |
| Security Council | a permanent council of the United Nations |
| Self-determination | the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will |
| Sikhism | Religion founded by Nanak that blended Islamic and Hindu Beliefs |
| Syngman Rhee | Korean leader who became president of South Korea after World War II and led Korea during Korean War. |
| Tet Offensive | a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968. |
| Thirty-eighth parallel | The line dividing Korea into two sections, north of the the parellel the communist Soviet Union was in charge and south of the parellel was democratic America was in charge. |
| United Nations | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security |
| Untouchables | lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, do all the dirty work of society |
| Veto powers | the ability to prevent any United Nations Security Council decision from moving forward with a "no" vote |
| Viet Cong | Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam |
| Vietnam War | the conflict in which South Vietnam, supported by the U.S. was defeated by Communist North Vietnam |
| Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. |
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