Earth Science 7- atoms and minerals
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Created by:
EmlynnSmith on May 18, 2011
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Atoms to Minerals
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 matter | that which has mass and occupies space |
| element | any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter |
| structure of an atom | nucleus made up of protons and neutrons; the electrons make up the surrounding area |
| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
| protons | Positively charged particles |
| neutrons | the particles of the nucleus that have no charge |
| electrons | negatively charged particles |
| Periodic table | A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| metallic bond | an attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it |
| mixtures | a physical combination of substances that can still be seperated |
| compounds | substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same, cannot be seperated |
| elements in earth's crust | Oxygen (46%), Silicon (28%), Aluminum (8%), Iron (6%), Magnesium (4%), Calcium (2.4%), Other (5.6%) |
| mineral formation | molten rock, from solution, within living cells and by recrystallization. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_are_minerals_formed#ixzz1MkNsEV5t |
| crystal | colorless glass made of almost pure silica |
| crystalline structure | the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a regular way to form a crystal |
| silica tetrahedron | Basic building block of silicate minerals, made up of four oxygen atoms and 1 silicon aton |
| mineral groups (silicates, oxides, carbonates, sulfides) | classified based on their composition |
| silicates | minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements |
| oxides | compounds that contain oxygen and an element other than silicon |
| carbonates | are minerals that contain the element carbon and one other element |
| sulfides | compounds that consist of one or more elements combined with sulfur |
| streak | color of a streak a rock leaves |
| luster | pearly, earthy, metallic |
| cleavage | how many planes a rock breaks along |
| Moh's hardness scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| Major rock forming minerals | quartz, mica, feldspar, and calcite |
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