religion 8 study guide
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113 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 resurrection | the passage of jesus from death to life "on the third day" after his Crucifixion; the heart of the Paschal Mystery and the basis of our hope in the resurrection of the dead |
| ascension | the going up into heaven of the risen Christ forty days after his resuurrection |
| pentecost | the biblical event following the ressurection and ascension of Jesus at which the Holy Spirit was poured out on his disciples; the first pentecost is often identified as the birth of the church. In the Christian liturgical year, the feast fifty days after easter on which the biblical event of Pentecost is recalled and celebrated |
| Communion of Saints | the spiritual union of all those who believe in Christ and have been redeemed, including those who have died and those who are still living. |
| Heaven | traditionally the dwelling place of God and the saints, meaning all who are saved; more accuretly; not a place but a state of eternal life and union with God, in which one experiences full happines and the satisfaction of the deepest human longings |
| Hell | the state of permenant seperation from God, reserved for those who freely and conciously choose to reject God to the very end of their lives |
| purgatory | a state of final purification or cleansing, which one may need to enter following death and before entry into heaven |
| parousia | the second coming of christ, when his Kingdom will be fully established and his triumph over evil will be complete |
| infallible | the gift of the spirit to the whole chirch by which the leaders of the chirch- the pope and the bishops in union with him- are protected from fundamental error when formulating a specific teaching on a matter of faith and morals |
| Marks of the Church | the four characteristics of the true church of Jesus Christ: one, holy, catholic (universal), and apostolic. these marks are recited at mass as part of the Nicene Creed. |
| roles in the church | worshiip and spiritial developement; religious education; church community and fellowship; community prescence and out reach; denominational prescence and outreach |
| Religious Life | a permanent state of life and an orginized group pf christians, recognized by the church, who have taken vows to live in community and to observe the disciplines of poverty, chasity, and obedience. religious men are often called brothers monks or friars religious women are sisters or nuns |
| canonization | the official proclamation by the pope that a deceased member of the church is to be recognized as a saint and may serve as a model of the christiam ideal for all believers; also the name of the process by which one is found worthy of such recognition |
| magisterium | the name given the official teaching authority of the Church, whose task is to interpret and preserve the truths of the Church revealed in both the scriptures and tradition |
| church | the entire people of God throughout the world; the diocese, which is also known as the local chirch, and the assembly of believers gathered for celebration of the liturgy, especially the eucharist |
| catholic | the name given to the universal group of christian communities that is in communion with the pope, the sucessor of peter. it was established by christ on the foundation of his apostles |
| ecumenism | the movement to restore unity among the christian churches and ultimatly of all humans throughout the whole wide world |
| apostolic succesion | the uninterrrupted passing on of authority from the apostles directly to all bishops. it is accomplished throufh the laying of hands when a bishop is ordained |
| charism | a special gift or grace of the Holy Spirit given to an individual Christian or a community, commonly for the benefit and building up of the entire church |
| images of the church | new israel, body of christ, temple of H.S., vine of branches |
| peter | A.D. 5-67 One of the 12 apostles of Jesus; Roman Catholics consider him to be the first pope, bishop of Rome |
| paul | (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles |
| saul | (Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines) |
| damascus | saul was converted there and it was were he saw the bright light |
| tarsus | the capitol city of rome |
| james | a New Testament book attributed to Saint James the Apostle |
| stephen | One of the first seven deacons. One of the first Christian martyrs who was stoned to death. |
| ananias | a habitual liar (after a New Testament character who was struck dead for lying) |
| gamaliel | Wise Pharisee who counseled caution and tolerance toward followers of Christ |
| gentile | in this sense 'Gentile' denotes a Christian as contrasted with a Jew |
| sanhedrin | the seventy-one member supreme legislative and judicial body of the Jewish people |
| the way | the way of the cross |
| center of christianity in early church | some people used it for social status, power, and gain |
| gentiles | non-Jewish people |
| antioch | a town in southern Turkey |
| conversion | a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life |
| persecution | the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion) |
| evangelization | to bring the good news of Jesus Christ to others |
| conflict of the early church | the great schism divided the church |
| how conflict of the early church was resolved | its still hopes that the eastern orthodox church comes back to full union |
| perpetua | her diary was the first known writings of a Christian woman |
| nero | Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68) |
| diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. he did the last persecution of the Christians |
| constatine | A.D. 280-337 Roman Emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the ROman empire |
| catacombs | underground burial place |
| edit of milian | it was granted by emperor constatine the great in the west and licinious augustus in the east in 313 granting religious freedom throughout the roman empire. ordered the restitution of poperty confisciated from christians |
| council of jerusalem | the first church council, which was called to resolve the growing controversy over whether or not gentile christians would have to observe jewish law |
| council of nicaea | Christian council that met in 325 to determine the question of the trinity; decided on the divinity of all three persons. |
| council of trent | an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation |
| anthony of egypt | first known Christian monk |
| st.benedict | he founded a monastery in nothern ital in the 6th century and wrote a set of instructions gonverning the lives of monks that was used by monasteries and vonbents across europe. |
| scholastica | Benedicts sister who adapted the rules for women or nuns. |
| monasticism | asceticism as a form of religious life |
| monastery | the residence of a religious community |
| abbot | the superior of an abbey of monks |
| evangelical counsels | poverty, chastity, and obedience |
| papacy | the government of the Roman Catholic Church |
| paganism | any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism |
| basil the great | (Roman Catholic Church) the bishop of Caesarea who defended the Church against the heresies of the 4th century |
| benedict of Nursia | Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century |
| Bernard of Clairvaux | powerful monk who stressed the importance of a mystical union with God and believed reason was dangerous |
| Leo III | the pope who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816) |
| Arians | A dissident branch of early Christianity, which did not accept Jesus Christ as equal to the Father; name for the Alexandrian priest Aruis |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor |
| schism | division of a group into opposing factions |
| The Great Schism | two popes were chosen; divided europe; damaged church - people didn't knokw who to worship; ended with election of one new pope |
| Results of Great Schism | the western and eastern churches are seperated |
| Pope Gregory the Great | Who were the Gregorian chants named after |
| sacramentary | the book from which the presider reads the prayers for the mass. It has all the rules and prayers for Mass. |
| Barabarian Invasions | the barbarians went to attack with swords and sticks with pointy sticks coming out of it |
| Constantinople | the largest city and former capital of Turkey |
| Crusaders | Christian warriors sent to regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims that controlled |
| Medieval Church | language was latin- people had to follow very strictly- prospered- dominant force in teaching, writing, translating, and in copying |
| Heresy | a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion |
| Pope Gregory VII | reformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV |
| Simony | buying or selling of something spiritual, such as a graace, a sacrement, or a relic. It violates the honor of God |
| Lay investiture | The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for temporal protection. |
| excommunication | the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Churchingui |
| inquisition | a severe interrogation (often violating the rights or privacy of individuals) |
| christendom | the collective body of Christians throughout the world and history (found predominantly in Europe and the Americas and Australia) |
| St.Francis of Assisi | he was born to wealthy italian family. Gave up his money to serve poor had respect for all living hthngs and lived a simple life |
| dominicans | founded by St. Dominic de Guzman; vows of poverty; stressed missionary work; preached gospel and fought heresy |
| franciscans | founded by St. Francis; order stressed vows of poverty and gentleness to all creatures |
| friar | a male member of a religious order that originally relied soley on alms |
| difference between monks and friars | friars work in the community and monks work and preach |
| mendicant | practicing beggary |
| pilgrimages | Religious journeys to the Holy Land. |
| Henry IV | the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413 |
| indulgence | an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires |
| transubstantion | the roman catholic belief that during communion, the bread and wine transform into the blood and body of christ |
| reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| causes of the reformation | spread of new ideas, corruption of the Catholic Church, invention of the Printing Press |
| counter-reformation | a reformation intended to counter the results of a prior reformation |
| jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. |
| martin luthers beliefs | -People could win salvation by faith in Gods gift of forgiveness. Faith and good works needed for salvation. -Church teaching chould be based on words of Bible. -All people of faith were equal; no need for priests. |
| john calvins | ..., Swiss theologian born in France whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism |
| Zwingli's beliefs | ..., • Zwingli believed the Church had to rediscover its earlier purity • He stressed the equality of all believers, justification by faith alone, and the gospel as the chief authority • He attacked indulgences, penance, clerical celibacy, prayers to the Virgin, and statues and images in churches • Furthermore, he preferred to view mass as a commemorative event rather than one that involved the real presence of Christ (Lord's Supper) |
| anabaptist beliefs | Believed that church was a voluntary association of believers who had been baptized into the church. |
| Gutenberg's influence on reformation | the people could type the 95 thesis |
| King Henry VIII | Founder of the church in England and ruled England from 1509-1547. He broke the Catholic church because he couldn't get a divorce |
| sir thomas more | English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded |
| thomas cramner | archbishop of Canterbury who encouraged the church of England. 1489-1556. Fellowship at Cramner Oxford college in 1510. 1533 he was chosen to be an archbishop. |
| protestanism | General wave od religious dissent against the Catholic church; generally held to have begun with Martin Luther's attack on CAtholic beliefs in 1517; included many warieties of religious belief |
| 95 theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences |
| charles borromeo | Archbishop of milan who wanted better educated priests |
| Leo X | the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521) |
| humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason |
| ecumenical council | a worldwide meeting of all bishops to deal with Churchh matters and problems. |
| anglican church | the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs) |
| predestination | (theology) being determined in advance |
| catechism | book for religious instruction; instruction by question and answer |
| effects of Renaissance | brought new conceptions of life & the world; restore broken unity of history |
| teachings of council of trent | Faith is based on the Bible and church, they believed in the seven sacraments, Bible is the final word, they believed in faith and grace, but they still had to live a good life |
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