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Cocci spherical Bacillus rod-shaped Spirillum spiral and corkscrew Endospore thick wall enclosing the DNA; remains dormant and can tolerate heat, dryness, lack of nutrients, etc... Capsule ... Plasmid small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria Flagella structure used by protists for movement; produces movement in a wave-like motion Pillus a hairlike extension that aids in communication and exchange of genetic material in prokaryotes Cilia short, hairlike projections that produce movement Nucleoid Region The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA Binary Fission type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells Conjugation process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information Chemoautotroph energy comes from chemicals Pathogen harmful bacteria, capable of causing infections in animals and/or plants Eubacteria most common kingdom of bacteria; cell wall made of peptidoglycan; live almost everywhere Archaebacteria means "old" bacteria; lack peptidoglycan and can live in extremely harsh conditions Facultatuve Anaerobe can live with or without oxygen Obligate Aerobe/Anaerobe Aerobes: require oxygen Anaerobes: must live in the absence of oxygen Antibiotics prevents bacteria from growing Nitrogen Fixers prokaryotes that convert nitrogen (N2) into useable forms How are prokaryotes named? their shape What is the basic structure of a prokaryote? ... http://o.quizlet.com/i/bLcvW4p48vxBXfaFJi5zRA.jpg Name three ways pathogenic bacteria harms organisms. 1) They become too numerous to allow cells to function 2) Destroy body cells or tissue 3) Make toxins that may kill or interfere with the functioning of the cells Name some of the benefits of bacteria in our environment. - They are the key ingredient in many foods, like yogurt and sour cream - They replace nutrients in the soil and decompose sewage