1.
2 revolutions of 19th century: 2 revolutions of 19th century: 1. Industrial Revolution is European revolution and brings and creates social classes. 2. Democratic revolutions break out: Who gets the right to vote?
2.
19th century: WHAT century was the age of secularism and separating church and state.
3.
19th century: WHAT century is the golden age of the middle class?
4.
Adam Smith: Founder of Capitalism?
5.
All Utopian Socialists have in common: All Utopian Socialists have in common: 1. The social class system was unjust because the current system gives too much power to factory owners. 2. All socialists question private ownership of factories; competition model is not right; cooperation not competition; 3. reject laissez-faire capitalism of liberals 4. Believe French revolution did not go far enough- brought legal and civic equality, but now we need ECONOMIC equality
6.
anti-business: Middle class thought paying a minimum wage and banning child labor is WHAT? Says gov. has no right to pass these laws; golden age of bourgeoisie and liberalism- john Locke
7.
bourgeoisie: other name for middle class. Deny the working class' class for reform.
8.
capitalism: Marx goal: destruction of WHAT?
9.
capitalism: An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and supply and demand answer the economic questions of what, when, why, and how to produce.
10.
Carl Marx: Socialism/Communism: No classes and no government. A revolution must occur for socialism/communism to start. Wrote Communist Manifesto. Very critical of Utopian Socialists. German, middle class, wealthy. Becomes a journalist instead of a university professor. Becomes sympathetic to working class. Believes gov. ought to guarantee basic rights to the workers. Exiled of Germany- sent to France. In France, he writes about the horrors of Industrial Revolution. France kicks him out and sends him to England where he mets Engles and writes Communist Manifesto.
11.
Charles Fuwier: Utopian Socialist; Created a Utopian Society in New Harmony, Indiana
12.
Communist Manifesto: WHAT is the bible for oppressed people? How proletariat must seize power. End to private ownership to the means of production (factories); Marx believes the same of Philosophes by wanting reform and make things better
13.
Communist Manifesto: Written by Carl Marx and Engles. The Manifesto suggested a course of action for a proletarian (working class) revolution to overthrow the bourgeois social order and to eventually bring about a classless and stateless society, and the abolition of private property. Main message: abolition of private property. Wanted communism to prevail.
14.
communist revolution: 1. Workers will eventually revolt 2. Capitalists will shrink 3. Capitalism destroys itself ex.) Barnes and Nobles moves in and closes down small book store. Owners of small book store becomes working class for Barnes and Nobles. Communist revolution: end of teleology bc no more 2 groups fighting. Ends class system.
15.
Congress of Vienna: Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon (1815); heads of Europe come together and say "What can we do to undo Napoleon" bc he was defeated. Held in Vienna. Napoleon conqueres almost all of Europe and liberates 3rd estate. Outlaws monarchy and church power.
16.
David Ricardo: "iron law of wages": rise of population means rise of amount of workers, which cause wages to fall below the subsistence level, resulting in misery and starvation. Pay them little enough so all they can do is work.
17.
democracy: Liberals and Bourgeoisie's do not believe in WHAT?: Every person gets a vote. Fear mob rule: If we have a democracy, we will be ruled by the working class and poor. Working class should not vote bc they are the larger population and will pass laws that will take away business.
18.
Dialetical Materialism: Engine that drives history. There are always 2 forces at work and fighting with eachother. How history changes (2 opposing forces). The 2 forces fight over $, property, wealth, etc.
19.
education: Liberals believe in individualism. Gov. should only run WHAT? School is equalizer: poor kid can become successful through education.
20.
Engles: Marxian socialist who co-wrote the communist manifesto. His father owns a factory and sees suffering of working class. Him and Marx join The Communist League
21.
June Revolution: Working class rebels against middle class. Brutal.
22.
Labor Theory of Value: Theory that the value of any produced good or service is equal to the amount of labor used, directly or indirectly, to produce it. Locke; Marx agrees- Capitalists is stealing from you.
23.
Laissez faire: policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy. "To let do as one pleases" Main term for liberalism. What middle class wanted. Dont pass laws except to protect our property
24.
Liberalism economics: Government has no right to interfere with the economy; Individual pursuing his own wealth is a good aspect! Economic system of liberalism: capitalism
25.
liberals: WHO in the 19th century believed in religious tolerance; believe in whoever you want; pluralism. Gov. plays little or no role in religious life.
26.
Louis XVIII: (1815) Louis XVI's brother reigns France; Example of Conservatism; Go back to pre- 1789
27.
middle class: liberalism
28.
Napoleon: 1804 WHO declares himself emperor of France. 1814- Napoleon is defeated
29.
reform: Working class wanted WHAT? Wanted gov. to pass a minimum wage law; end child labor; and 5 day work ween and 8 hour day
30.
Revolution of 1848: Alliance (friendship) in France between middle class and working class. Want to work together to overthrow the King. Communist League opposes alliance bc working class will get dominated by middle class. King is overthrown. Alliance is successful, but working class does not get any promises from the middle class.
31.
Robert Owen: used utopian ideas to better working conditions for his workers. One of the 1st socialists. Rich in buying & selling cotton. Create a model community in Scotland of Utopian Society. Works for a little than fails.
32.
Saint-Simon: Utopian Socialist; French; Also creates his own Utopian Society in Deleware
33.
teleology: (Marx) everything has a purpose and end point. History has this.
34.
The Communist League: Marx and Engles joined this...? *more info
35.
Thomas Malthus: Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production; The Principles of Population; Population will always increase faster than food supply; If you pay them more $ they will have more children and there will not be enough food for them, so their children will starve.
36.
Utopian Socialists: (1820-1848) socialists who believe that socialism can create a utopia where everywhere is equally treated and happy; Reflects their hopes to have a society where there is no class conflict
37.
Utopian Socialists: WHO agree in equality in men and women? Feminists.
38.
Wealth of Nations: (1776) Name of book by Adam Smith. In this book he lays out Capitalism. Argues gov. cannot interfere with economic system; cant engage in protectionism; No minimum wage; the economy works perfectly on its own; "invisible hand"- natural law guides the invisible hand to ensure prices and wages should be exactly the way it should be; supply and demand
39.
why middle class draws towards liberalism: why middle class draws towards liberalism: faith in science and technology; anything is possible if the gov. is small; strong sense of optimism that progress is possible; John Locke: individual freedom- concerned with gov. trampling people's liberty and freedom; If gov. gets too big we have an obligation to overthrow it.
40.
working class: socialism/marxism; factory conditions are unsafe; receive no health benefits; factory life causes men equal with women and children; work came with where you lived. Lost your job, you lost where you lived.
41.
working class: WHAT class gravitate towards socialism and Marxism?
