ESSAY TEST 23-24
Order by
49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Israel | the UN divided it among the Jews and the Arabs; Arab nations attack--> Jews gain territory for their new nation; many Arabs fled; conflict between Jews and Arabs, who wouldn't acknowledge the new nation |
| UN partition | Place Jerusalem under UN administration (Jew accept, Arab reject) |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Leader of the coup that ousted King Farouk •Took over as Pres •Disliked Western Influence in M.E.= broke up estates of wealthy Egyptian landowners + gave part of land to peasants •Negotiated the BR w/drawal from Suez Canal •Modernize Egypt + build military o confront Israel Also nationalized the Suez Canal Accepted USSR offer to build the Aswan High Dam |
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | *Shah of Iran overthrown by Muslim forces *Relied on Western help to block SU influence |
| Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) | Try to eliminate Israel + create Palestinian state -> Compromise: a state of Israelis + state for Palestinian |
| Yasir Arafat | PLO militant leader- vowed to use armed struggle to establish Palestinian state-> UN try to stop, but no1 listen=terrorist attack + border raid continue Later- wanted to end terrorism so he can go to NYC (UN) to talk for peace |
| Anwar el-Sadat | •Nasser's successor, who became President •Became 1st Arab leader to step in peace on Israeli soil •Made speech in front of Israeli Parliament which called for Arab acceptance of Israel (solution to Palestinian prob + end hostilities between Israelis + Arabs) •Met w/ Israeli Pm to establish Camp David Accords |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | an oil cartel; quadrupled the price of oil to get the US to stop supporting Israel; eventually had to end it tho because it was detrimental to all countries involved |
| Menachem Begin | did "Land for Peace"; Israeli PM; met with Sadat and Jummy Carter to create the Camp David Accords |
| Camp David Accords | agreed that Egypt would recognize Israel as a nation (first time an Arab nation did this) and Israel gave them the Sinai Peninsula |
| Hosni Mubarak | succeeded the assinated Sadat as Egypt's president; worked to keep the peace with both Israel and Arab nations; faced economic pressures and a movement by Islamic groups wanting to end Western influence in Egypt |
| Lebanon | civil war between the Muslims and the Christians; armed PLO forces were in there; the government asked Syria to send troops; Israel invaded to wipe out the PLO bases; peace force withdrew PLO; _____ gave MUslims equal rights in political process; private armies pulled out of Beirut |
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | shah of Iran; worked to build a modern industrial economy based on oil; silenced all protests and dissent; became corrupted; had to flee Iran when Khomeini returned |
| Iran and Iraq Contra | Iraq seized a disputed border area and then pushed in to Iran; Iran, hoping to spread revolution into Iraq; replied with a fierce counterattack; Iran had more troops, but Iraq had better weapons and poison gas; both countries targeted commercial vessels in the Persian Gulf, so the US sent in naval forces to protect the vital shipping lanes in the Strait of Hormuz; the two nations agreed to stop the fighting |
| Saddam Hussein | Iraq's president; at first supported by the US; sent Iraqi forces into Kuwait, slaiming that the country was a historic part of Iraq- really just didn't want to pay back debt to them; he also wanted to expand Iraq's influence in the Persian Gulf region; led to the Persian Gulf War |
| Persian Gulf War | Saudi Arabia feared an Iraqi attack so asked the US for protection; US and 8 Arab nations also sent forces; UN urged W. nations, USSR, and Japan to impose an embargo on Iraq; US rained missiles on the Iraqi capital of Baghdad; coalition forces started air war; Iraq responded by launching missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel and set fire to oil fields; coalition land forces defeated the Iraqis and cease fire went into effect |
| Kwame Nkrumah | Led ppl of Gold Coast in indep. movements -> Led general strike , where large # of workers pressured BR for indep=jailed Leader of nonviolent protests for freedom on the Gold Coast. When independence was gained, he became the first prime minister of Ghana. He developed economic projects, but was criticized for spending too much time on Pan-African efforts, and neglecting his own countries' issues |
| Zaire | indep came rather violently to____= civil war between rival political groups + diff regions |
| Aparatheid | Policy of racial separation between blacks + whites in S. AFrica |
| Political Instability | - democracy takes time ----> people impatient and go for evil military dictators who act all nice but they arn't b/c they just want $ and power = wobbley gov - high illiteracy rates = un-edu leaders, hard to become edu at the bottom b/c you stay at the bottom, ppl can be conned into voting for wrong ppl --> ppl mad, etc |
| Foreign Debt | Since many of the countries arnt industrialized, they had to borrow money from different countries, but that led to them owing money to those counries, and not being able to industrialize properly b/c they owed so much, so they borrowed more.... vicious circle |
| Colonial Independence | once african countries gained freedom, they were having difficulty with the borders which they wanted to redraw (different tribes that hated each other were pushed together during imperialism) but it was to chaotic to do so. also imperialism led to cash crops which made african nations depend on world markets (which wasnt good) and so on |
| Muammar Gaddafi | •Leader of military who established socialist gov. to redistribute the national wealth •Sought to spread radical brand of nationalism to other part of Africa •Troubled western countries cuz of his foreign policy= US accuse of aiding international terrorists= broke ties w/ Libya =try to overthrow his gov to get back at US= US bomb Libyan military installations= oil down econ down=try to improve relations w/ neighboring countries |
| Ghana | Became 1st Afr nation south of Sahara to gain full indep after WWII= Nkrumah led new gov.= mismanage econ.=ousted by army=one regime after another ruled ____, force nation into slow decline Rich in oil |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Led political movement for indep-> Kenya African Union= ____ as Pres Under HIM the political stability + econ prosperity under one-party system |
| South Africa | ... |
| Food Shortages | -natural= deserification (over grazing/farming), droughts b/c no water -political= man made starving things= rival tribes starve each other by blockading area so that they dont recieve food :( |
| Cash Crop Economy | imperialism led to ---------- which made african nations depend on world markets (which wasnt good) and also didnt make food for themselves- this waxs just to sell |
| Nonaligned | ... |
| Nelson Mendela | ANC leader who led military operation to press for change Freed from prison by F.W. de Klerk |
| Joseph Mobuto Sese Seko | Changed dem repub of congo's name to zaire= copper $= ^ then low= econ ^ then low= Mobuto ruled as dictator, stole from country's resources + ban political groups= GDP goes downnn follow krumah model |
| Independent Republic of Biafra | Region declared an independent state by the Ibo people during a civil war in Nigeria (E Africa) ----- state was ended after civil war and many Ibo ppl died b/c hunger and fighting |
| Military Coups | caused by political instablility, democracy takes time ----> people impatient and go for evil ------ dictators who act all nice but they arn't b/c they just want $ and power = wobbley gov |
| Overpopulation | ... |
| Negritude | poetry movement that tried to recapture black Africa's past dignity |
| Rhodesian Front | Party formed by Euro Rhodesians, who took control of Rhodesian politics to kepp Afr from gaining power=attacked by guerrilla fighters=flee=renamed zimbabwe=FREEDOM |
| Organization of African Unity (O.A.U.) | Founded by Fr nations Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia= help build strong Afr identity + to coordinate national defense, health, + other policies= increased involvement in Afr + global affairs |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Leader of the coup that ousted King Farouk •Took over as Pres •Disliked Western Influence in M.E.= broke up estates of wealthy Egyptian landowners + gave part of land to peasants •Negotiated the BR w/drawal from Suez Canal •Modernize Egypt + build military o confront Israel Also nationalized the Suez Canal Accepted USSR offer to build the Aswan High Dam |
| Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) | Try to eliminate Israel + create Palestinian state -> Compromise: a state of Israelis + state for Palestinian |
| Occupied Territories | Gaza Strip + Sinai Peninsula- Egypt Golan Heights- Syria West Bank- Jordan Israel- Jordan |
| Camp David Accords | agreed that Egypt would recognize Israel as a nation (first time an Arab nation did this) and Israel gave them the Sinai Peninsula |
| Menachem Begin | did "Land for Peace"; Israeli PM; met with Sadat and Jummy Carter to create the Camp David Accords |
| Lebanese Civil War | war between muslims + christians militias for control of Lebanon. Several nations intervened, and Syria exerted control in the waning years of the war. Supporting Hezbollah, Syria retained control of Lebanon until 2005 |
| Ian Smith | Prime Minister of Rhodesia, declares independence, negotiatede with African majority and renames it Zimbabwe= FREE |
| Kenya | Country ruled by imperialist Euro settlers who banned africans to own land. Nationalists led by Jomo Kenyatta. Form underground movemnet= Mau Ma... etc |
| Occupied Territories | 1. E Jerusalem- symbol, religious, capital 2. Gaza Strip- Med Sea, land for incoming jews, citizenships? 3. Golan Heights- Source of Jordan River, Elevation= bomb villiages below 4. West Bank- Access to fresh water, buffer zone for jordan 5. Sinai Pen.- Oil, BUFFER ZONE |
| Jimmy Carter | US Pres Hosted Begin and Sadat at Camp David Accords |
| SCUD Missile | Used by Iraq, very destructive, not very high tech, pointed at Israel during gulf war to turn Gulf war into religious war to break up UN Coalition |
| UN Coalition | Used during Gulf war to gang up on naughty Iraq |
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