| Term | Definition |
| hermeneutics | the field of theological study that attempts to interpret scripture |
| gospels | (good news) the first four books of the New Testament, about Jesus's life and teachings |
| synoptic (gospels) | the three gospels, Matthew Mark and Luke, that are very similar and can be "seen together" as presenting rather similar views of Jesus's career |
| gentile | a non-Jew |
| beatitudes | a famous series of statements about supreme happiness |
| parables | what Jesus's stories were typically presented as, in which earthly situations familiar to people of his time and place were used to make a spiritual point |
| pharisees | the shapers of rabbinic Judaism |
| sadducees | the temple priests and upper class |
| messiah | the "anonted one," Jesus Christ |
| Pentecost | an event that galvanized the early Christians into action, having to do with something that sounded like a great wind coming down from the sky and tongues of fire touching everyone's head |
| common era | years after the traditional date used for birth of Jesus, previously |
| justified | accepted by God in spite of sin |
| Gnosticism | mystical perception of knowledge |
| Holy Trinity | the Christian doctrine that in the One God, there are three divine persons: the father, the son, and the holy spirit |
| creeds | professions of faith |