| Term | Definition |
|---|
| sectionalism | loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole |
| states' rights | rights and powers independent of the federal government |
| Missouri Compromise | 1820 This law allowed 2 states to enter the Union (MAINE and MISSOURI) to maintain the balance of power in the senate of free to slave states. It also banned slavery in the lands of the Louisiana Purchase, North of the 36, 30' north latitude. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California is free, Fugitive Slave Act passed, popular soverignity used in Utah and New Mexico territories to settle the issue of slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Law that provided for harsh treatment for escaped slaves and for those who helped them |
| Dred Scot Case | Landmark Supreme Court case in which the Missouri Compromise is found unconstitutional, Congress cannot place bans on slavery as it is the same effect as removing property without due process of law under the 6th Amendment, power must be left tot he states, and African Americans are not citizens. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas to try to make it either free or slave. |
| Bleeding Kansas | sequence of violent events involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians" elements that took place in Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1858 attempting to influence whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state |
| Harper's Ferry | 1859, Virginia, John Brown raids the Federal arsenal to arm slaves |
| secession | formal separation from an alliance or federation, the withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War |
| Abraham Lincoln | U.S. statesmen, 16th president. Led Union to victory in Civil War. Assassinated. Sometimes called "Honest Abe". |
| Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 |
| Confederate States of America | name of the nation established by the Southern States after secession |
| Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War, no deaths |
| Presidential Election of 1860 | the presidential election of 1860 was won by Abraham Lincoln, the republican candidate. He won no southern states, which angered the South sparking states to seceed from the Union. |
| Battle of Bull Run | 1861, 1st major battle, proved war was going to be long and costly |
| Battle of Gettysburg | 1863, this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war |
| Battle of Vicksburg | 1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins |
| Sherman's March to the Sea | After the burning of Atlanta Georgia on Nov 15 1864, he marched 300 miles to savannah and arrived there December 22nd 1864, his purpose was to destroy the South's supply chain and morale |
| total war | Type of war in which an army destroys its opponent's ability to fight by attacking civilian and economic, as well as military, targets. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | April 1865., the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union military commander who won victories when others had failed and defeated Lee |
| Robert E. Lee | General of the Confederates (South) |
| turning point | a moment in history that marks a decisive change, change of who is winning the war |
| Gettysburg Address | speech by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, key ideas were liberty, equality, and democratic ideas; purpose of war was to portect those ideas |
| Emancipation Proclamation | September 22, 1862 - Lincoln freed all slaves in the states that had seceded, after the Northern victory at the Battle of Antietam. Lincoln had no power to enforce the law. Allows the U.S. to get foreign aid |
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