make up test 4
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mechanoreceptors | receptors stimulated by physical stimuli, such as pressure, touch, stretch, motion, or sound |
| thermoreceptors | detect heat or cold and help maintain body temperature |
| chemoreceptors | transmit information about solute concentration in a solution |
| electromagnetic receptors | detect various forms of electromagnetic energy such as visible light, electricity, and magnetism |
| pain receptors | respond to excess heat, pressure, or chemicals |
| perception | occurs in the brain as information about a stimulus is processed |
| outer ear | consists of the pinna and auditory canal |
| pinna and auditory canal | parts of the outer ear that direct sounds to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum |
| middle ear | in here, vibrations are conducted through three small bones |
| eustachian tube | allows air pressure to be equalized between outer and inner ear |
| inner ear | consists of fluid contaning channels lined by membrane situated in bone |
| cochlea | involved in hearing, snail shaped structure containing the organ of Corti. hair cells are distorted from the vibrations caused by sound waves, they are the receptors of sound |
| semicircular canals | three fluid filled chambers located at right angles to each other. equilibrium results when hair cells within are distorted |
| compound eyes | eyes that consist of up to several thousand light detectors called ommatidia |
| sclera | tough and white part of the eye |
| cornea | transparent front part of the eye that allows light into the eye and acts as a fixed lens |
| choroid | layer of pigmented cells inside the sclera |
| retina | innermost layer of the eyeball, containing rods and cones |
| rods | adapted for vision in dim light |
| cones | used for color vision |
| iris | pigmented area at the front of the eyeball. a muscular structure that regulates the amount of light admitted through the pupil |
| aqueous humor | fills the anterior cavity of the eye |
| vitreous humor | fills the posterior cavity of the eye |
| rhodopsin | light absorbing pigment that triggers a signal transduction pathway |
| skeletal muscle | attached to bones and responsible for the movement of bones |
| myofibrils | each muscle fiber is made up of these and they are either thin filaments or thick filaments, actin, myosin |
| sarcomere | basic contractile unit of the muscle |
| Z lines | make up the border of sarcomeres, actin is attached here |
| I band | area near the end of the sarcomere where only the thing actin filaments are located |
| A band | the entire length of the thick myosin filaments |
| sliding-filament model | states that the thick and thin filaments slide past each other so that their degree of overlap increases |
| motor neuron | will cause a muscle fiber to contract when its depolarization causes the neurotransmitter to be released into the synapse of the neuromuscular junction |
| T tubules | action potential spreads along these to the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| calcium ions | depolarization causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release these |
| troponin | calcium ions bind to this and cause it to move, exposing the myosin sites on actin |
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