Cell Cycle, Mitosis and meiosis
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 G1 | G= Growth cells grow, do their job at the end of this the cell decides whether or not it wants to have kids. |
| Synthesis | cells copy all 46 pieces of DNA in the nucleus (replication) DNA unzips and fills in with matching nucelotides adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. If you want to make 2 cells, each new cell is going to need its own copy. |
| G2 | the cell copies its organelles. |
| mitosis-prophase | centrioles to the opposite ends of the cell nucleus goes away DNA coils up into chromosones. |
| mitosis -metaphase | the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. |
| mitosis-anaphase | the 2 copies that make up the X are split aprt and 1 copy goes to each side of the cell near the centrioles, the organelles are split up during the phase as well. |
| mitosis-anaphase | the 2 copies that make up the X are split apart and 1 copy goes to each side of the cell (near the centrioles) the organelles are split up during this phase as well |
| mitosis telophase | the cell begins to pinch apart in the middle cleavage 2 new nuclei begin to form. |
| cytokinesis | the two cells split apart end reslut new identical cells. |
| chromatin | when DNA is loose and relaxed and looks like sphagetti. can only look like this when its inside the nucleus and protected. |
| chromotid | 1 copy 1/2 of an X. |
| sister chromotids | are two identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere. |
| homologous chromosomes | one of each pair comes from your mom and the other from dad these pairs are called? |
| chromosones | an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. |
| meiosis prophase | nucleus disappears cenrioles move to opposite ends of the cell and produce spindle fibers. DNA condenses into chromosones. homologous chromosones find eachother. |
| meiosis metaphase | homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell |
| meiosos anaphase | homologous pairs are seperated and move towards opposite ends of the cell. |
| meiosis telephase | cell begins to pinch apart sometimes a new nucleus forms these new cells are not identical these new cells are not identical they have 1/2 the original amount of DNA 1 set and are now haploid. |
| meiosis 2 | just like mitosis just with 2 cells instead of 1. in between meiosis 1 and 2 some cells go through another interphase but many do not. the end result is 4 haploid cells gametes. |
| downs syndrome | trisonmy of the 21st chromosome low muscle tone babies appear floppy flat facial features with a small nose upward slant to eyes small skin folds on the inner corner heart problems |
| turners syndrome | x chromosome monosomy only X female XO short do not mature sexually some physical abnormalities webbed neck mental retardation not increase over normal. |
| kleinfelters syndrome | male XXY enlarged breasts sparse facial hair and body hair small testes inability to produce sperm. |
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