| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What are the causes of erosion? | gravity, running water, glaciers, waves, and wind |
| What does sediment consists of? | pieces of rock or soil or the remains of plants and animals |
| What produces sediment? | weathering and erosion |
| What acts together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth's surface? | weathering, erosion, and deposition |
| What pulls everything towards the center of Earth? | gravity |
| What are the different types of mass movement? | landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep |
| What is the most destructive kind of mass movement? | a landslide |
| What mass movement often occurs after heavy rains in a normally dry area? | mudflows |
| What mass movement often occurs when when water soaks the bottom of soil that is rich in clay? | slumps |
| The material of a ( ) moves down in one large mass? | slump |
| What is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped Earth's land surface? | moving water |
| What are the five factors that the amount of runoff in an area depends on? | the amount of rain an area recieves, vegetation, the type of soil, the shape of the land, and how people use the land |
| List these in order of size: tributary, stream, rill, gully, runoff, river. | runoff, rill, gully, stream, tributary, river |
| What is a large stream often called? | a river |
| Through erosion, what does a river create? | valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes |
| What are the three features that result from deposition along a river? | alluvial fans, deltas, and soil added to flood plains |
| How does an oxbow lake form? | when sediment dam up the ends of a meander, cutting it off from the river |
| How does deposition occur in a limestone cave? | a solution of water, carbonic acid, and calcium drips from a cave roof, leaving behind calcite deposits on the roof and floor |
| How can groundwater cause erosion? | through a process of chemical weathering |
| Groundwater containing carbonic acid may erode limestone, forming a what? | cave |
| What is the process of chemical weathering in which groundwater causes erosion? | water sinks into the ground and combines with carbon dioxide, which forms carbonic acid, then the groundwater with carbonic acid flows into cracks in the limestone, then some of the limestone changes chemically and is carried away in a solution of water, this hollows out pockets in the rock, forming caves |
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