1.
alteration of generations: haploid forms gametophyte, gametophyte fuse and form diploid zygote, sporophyte undergoes myosis and form haploid gametophyte
2.
archaebacteria: chemosynthetic prokaryotes that live in harsh environments, such as deep sea vents and hot springs
3.
ascomycetes: sac fungi
4.
autotroph: organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture own needs
5.
binary fission: asexual reproductive process in which one cell divides into two separate genetically identical cells
6.
bionomial nomenclature: two word naming system to identify species
7.
birthrate- death rate: formula for human growth rate
8.
bread mold: rhizopus stolonifer
9.
budding: Mitosis occurs and new individual pinches off from the parent, matures and separates from the parent
10.
chemosynthesis: autotrophic process where organisms obtain energy from the breakdown of inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen
11.
ciliates: protozoans with cilia
12.
cladogram: A branching diagram that helps identify a group's derived traits
13.
commensalism: symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not effected
14.
conjugation: form of sexual reproduction in some bacteria where one bacterium transfers all or part of its genetic material to another through a bridge like structure called a pilus
15.
density dependent: limiting factors that effect growth of population (ex: disease, parasites, food availability)
16.
density independent: factors that affect all populations, regardless of their density (ex: temperature, storms, floods)
17.
deuteromycetes: have no sexual stage in lifetime (fungi)
18.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species: Order of taxon
19.
edge effect: brings habitats together and creates more biodiversity (forest with lake)
20.
endospore: tiny structure that contains a bacterium's DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tougher outer covering that resists drying out, temperature extremes, and harsh chemicals (resting state)
21.
eubacteria: group of prokaryotes with strong cell walls and a variety of structures, may be autotrophs
22.
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Plants, Animals: 6 Kingdoms
23.
extracellular digestion: how fungi obtain food, digest food outside the cell
24.
flagellates: protozoans with flagella
25.
fragmentation: type of asexual reproduction in algae where an individual breaks into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual
26.
fungi: group of unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that do not move from place to place
27.
habitat fragmentation: separation of one wilderness area from another wilderness area
28.
haustoria: in parasitic fungi, hyphae that grow into host cells and absorb nutrients and minerals from host
29.
heterotroph: organisms that cannot make their own food
30.
hyphae: threadlike structures of fungi
31.
lichen: provides space for algae to grow, provides food for both by photosynthesis
32.
Linnaeus: "Father of Taxonomy"
33.
lysogenic cycle: viral replication cycle in which the virus's nucleic acid is integrated into the host cell's chromosome
34.
lytic cycle: viral replication cycle in which virus takes over a host cell's genetic material and uses the host cell's structures and energy to replicate until the host cell bursts, killing it
35.
mutualism: symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
36.
mutualist fungi: live with symbiotic relationship with another organism
37.
mycelium: network of structures of fungi
38.
mycorrhizae: increase surface are for plant to absorb nutrients, gets food in return
39.
parasitic fungi: absorb nutrients from living cells of their hosts
40.
parasitism: symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another
41.
prion: composed of proteins, no nucleic acid to carry genetic info (acts like a virus)
42.
protist: diverse group of multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems and live in moist environments
43.
protozoan: animal- like protists
44.
provirus: viral DNA that is integrated into a host cell's chromosome and replicated each time the host cell replicates
45.
retrovirus: type of viral replication where virus uses reverse transcript to make DNA from viral RNA; DNA is then integrated into the host cell's chromosome
46.
rhizoids: fungal hyphae that penetrate food and anchor a mycelium
47.
saprophyte: organism that lives on dead organic material
48.
septa: divide hyphae into individual cells
49.
slime mold: beautiful colors, cool, moist, shady habitats, grow on rotting leaves or decaying logs
50.
sporangium: in fungi, a sac or case oh hyphae in which spores are produced
51.
sporozoan: parasitic protozoans
52.
stolon: fungi hyphae that grow horizontally along a surface and rapidly reproduce a mycelium
53.
threats of biodiversity: habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, edge effect, habitat degradation, acid rain, ozone hole, introducing exotic species
54.
trophic level: organism that represents a feeding step in the movement of energy and materials through an ecosystem
55.
viroid: composed of a single strand of RNA with no protein coat (acts like a virus)
56.
water mold/ downy mildew: Live in water or moist places, Feed on dead organisms or are parasites, Look like fuzzy white growths on decaying matter
57.
water, food, space, disease: 4 factors to determine human growth rate
58.
water, slimy, downy mildews: 3 types of molds
