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nonfiction writing that tells about real people, places, or events autobiography the writer's account of his or her own life biography an account of a person's life written by another person essay a brief work of nonfiction that deals with a single subject fiction writing that is made up plot the chain of related events that take place in a story conflict a struggle between opposing forces exposition gives background information about characters, conflict, and setting rising action where suspense builds because complications arise that make the conflict more difficult for the main characters to resolve climax where the reader's interest reaches its highest point falling action where the conflict ends resolution where loose ends are tied up foreshadowing a writer's use of hints or clues to indicate events and situations that will occur later in a narrative flashback an account of a conversation, episode, or event that happened before the beginning of a story dynamic character A character who grows emotionally, learns a lesson, or alters his or her behavior static character one who is simple, with few emotions, remains unchanged throughout protagonist Main character, hero or heroine antagonist Person or thing opposing the main character setting a particular time and place in which the events occur style the particular way that a work of literature is written diction a writer's selection of language sentence structure the length and kinds of sentences used repetition the use of the same word or phrase more than once parallelism the use of similar grammatical structures, sentence patterns, or figures of speech to express equal or similar ideas imagery the use of words and phrases that appeal to the reader's senses symbol a term used to designate an object or a process that not only serves as an image itself but also refers to a concept or abstract idea that is important to the theme of the work theme the central idea in the work of literature narrator the character or voice that relates the events of a story to the reader point of view the vantage point from which a story is told first-person when the narrator is a character in the story third-person limited when the narrator does not participate in the action of the story and knows the thoughts and feelings of only one character third-person omniscient when the narrator does not participate in the action of the story and knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters mood the feeling, or atmosphere, that a writer creates for the reader allusion an indirect reference to something outside the literature to another well-known literary work aside lines whispered to the audience or to another character on stage (implied to be not heard by all the other characters) soliloquy a single character on stage thinking out loud (a way of letting the audience know what is in the character's mind) simile an expressed comparison between two different things using 'like' or 'as' metaphor an implied comparison between two different things; identifying a person or object as the thing to which it is being compared personification giving the quality of life to inanimate things foil a character in a story that acts in a drastically different way than the main protagonist in order to show the strong differences between the characters