Chapter 17: Times of Rapid Change
Order by
67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Enlightenment | movement that used reason, or thinking things through, to develop ways of improving science and society |
| revolution | sudden change in the way people think and act |
| constitutional monarchy | monarch has mostly ceremonial duties; law-making body holds most of the power (example: England) |
| preamble | introduction |
| constitution | written plan of government |
| federal republic | government described in US Constitution; has three branches - one for laws, one to interpret laws, one to enforce laws |
| editorial cartoon | cartoon on the editorial page of newspaper that presents the artist's point of view about people, current events, or politics |
| Industrial Revolution | period of advances in technology that changed forever the way people lived and worked |
| innovator | person who thinks of a new idea and invents new technology |
| crop rotation | planting of different crops in a field from year to year; keep soil fertile by changing required nutrients |
| textile | cloth |
| factory | large building where goods are made |
| patent | legal document stating that only the inventor has the right ot make and sell the new product |
| entrepreneur | person who starts and runs a business |
| economic system | the way a country produces and uses goods and services |
| traditional economy | one that does not see much change over time; people spend most of their time raising food for themselves |
| command economy | government owns almost all the land and natural resources; government controls farms and factories |
| market economy | people decide which goods and services to buy; decide how to earn living; based on supply and demand |
| demand | person wishing to buy a product or service |
| supply | amount of a product or service offered for sale |
| capitalism | kind of market economy where money invested in a business; hope is business will grow and earn money |
| laissez-faire | French term meaning to allow people to do as they wish without interference |
| free enterprise | supply and demand keep economy going; business boom, creatingmore jobs; country would gain wealth and grow |
| strike | workers stop working because of issues with company |
| labor union | workers' group formed to improve workign conditions and wages |
| socialism | form of government where government owns and runs all industries |
| imperialism | building an empire by claiming lands, setting up colonies, and controlling the colonies |
| cash crop | crops raised to sell rather than use at home |
| sepoy | Indian soldiers led by British officers |
| Raj | British rule of the Indian subcontinent |
| mutiny | turn against |
| Open Door policy | means all nations have an equal opportunity to trade freely in a certain place |
| Monroe Doctrine | government plan of action declaring the United States would go to war to stop European countries from expanding their colonial empires in the Americas |
| time zone | division of Earth in which all palces have the same time |
| nationalism | loyalty to a nation |
| chancellor | prime minister |
| kaiser | emperor |
| Manifest Destiny | words described the belief that the United States was destined to have its western border reach the Pacific Ocean |
| Glorious Revolution | change of government, with little bloodshed, after James II forced to step down when trying to make England a Catholic country |
| English Bill of Rights | document agreed to by William and Mary to become king and queen; gave Parliament the right to choose English leaders; became constitutional monarchy |
| British Parliament | made up of House of Lords and House of Commons; lawmaking body |
| French Revolution start | storming of the Bastille (prison) for weapons to fight Louis XVI soldiers in Paris |
| French social classes | Estates; First and Second were nobility; Third was all others, doctors to merchants to peasants |
| textile industry | Industrial Revolution started with new technology here; many new inventions, including steam engine |
| Early work conditions | 12 hour days, low pay; women and children paid less; children had dangerous |
| European capitalism | changed economic classes |
| Aristocracy | upper class; made up of wealthy landowners before capitalism; joined by wealthy factory and business owners |
| Middle Class | growth was biggest change during Industrial Revolution; made of bankers, shopkeepers, and professionals |
| Working Class | bottom class; long hours for low wages |
| Economic Classes | differences grew between middle and working class people as result of capitalism |
| division of Africa | European leaders met to divide continent; each country took the region where it had most settlements |
| Suez Canal | French engineers and Egyptian workers completed this waterway connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea |
| 1875 | year British bought Suez Canal; shortened trip to India |
| 1884 | year European leaders divided Africa |
| 1869 | year Suez Canal completed |
| Samori Toure | Muslim leader in western Africa that fought against French control |
| East India Company | control over trade between Britain and India |
| Great Mutiny | sepoys turned against East India Company |
| Opium War | Chinese tried to stop British supplies of opium into their country |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese formed secret society that attacked missionaries and foreign officials; angry because of British, French, and German control of their country |
| Giuseppe Garbaldi | member of Young Italy that fought to free southern Italy from French rule |
| Uniting American immigrants | inspired by fight for independence; sence of national pride, regardless of home country |
| Japanese pride | grew out of concern over outside threat |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | took US armed ships to Japan and forced them to sign a treaty to open ports for American merchants |
| 1868 | samurai overthrew the shogun and restored the emperor to power in Japan |
| Enlightened Rule | Meiji; time when Japan became world power |
| population boomed | reason Britain pushed to invent new technologies; leaders predicted there would not be enough food |
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