Flashcards: AP Gov't Final Exam Review
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Created by:
nicolekettlehake on May 23, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Articles of Confederation | pre-government to the Constitution; included 2-7 representatives from each state, one vote per state, no executive, and no power to tax or trade by Congress |
| Virginia Plan | idea from the Constitutional Convention; created the idea of three branches of government, a bicameral Congress with both houses based on population/wealth, one executive, and a tribunal of judges |
| New Jersey Plan | idea from the Constitutional Convention; unicameral Congress with the states represented equally, group of executives |
| Great Compromise | combined the Virginia and New Jersey plans to create a bicameral Congress--one house equally represented and one based on population |
| Electoral College | consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States; disadvantages include no direct election, winner of the popular vote may not win the presidency |
| Powers of Congress | include the powers to make laws, tax, trade, declare war, impeach, borrow money, coin money, make treaties, approve presidential appointments |
| Powers of the President | include the powers to veto, sign a bill into law, make executive orders and agreements, receive ambassadors, deploy troops |
| Powers of the Supreme Court | include the power to declare a law unconstitutional (judicial review) |
| Checks and balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| federalism | a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| impeachment | a formal accusation of misconduct in office against a public official; House has the sole power |
| concurrent powers | powers used by both the national and state governments; includes the powers to tax and make laws |
| expressed powers | powers that are explicitly stated in the Constitution; includes the powers to coin money, declare war, levy taxes, etc. |
| implied powers | comes from the "necessary and proper clause" in the Constitution--says the government has the right to use those powers necessary to carry out the expressed powers |
| Presidential qualifications | 35 years old, natural born citizen, must live in the US for 14 years |
| Senate Qualifications | 30 years old, citizen for 9 years, must live in the state you represent |
| House Qualifications | 25 years old, citizen for 7 years, must live in the state you represent |
| filibuster | A tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches |
| interest groups | private organizations whose members share certain views and work to shape public policy |
| lobbying | attempting to influence and pressure policy makers |
| propaganda | Information given (usually by the media) to show something or someone in a biased way |
| cabinet | group of officials who head government departments and advise the President |
| presidential succession | eventually defined in the 25th amendment; list of people includes VP, Speaker of the House, President Pro Temp, Secretary of State, etc. |
| political participation | All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue; usually done through voting or polls |
| political parties | groups of people who organize to help elect government officials and influence government policies |
| Northwest Ordinance | Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states |
| Gerrymandering | the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination and illegal segregation in schools |
| Political socialization | the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions |
| Congressional committees | Separate committees in Congress for each political party to help members who are running for reelection or would-be members running for an open seat or challenging a candidate from the opposition party. |
| 17th | amendment that allowed Senators to be directly elected by the people |
| 19th | amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| 25th | amendment concerning presidential succession, VP succession and presidential disability |
| 1st | amendment giving you the freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition |
| 2nd | amendment that gives the right to bear arms |
| 4th | amendment that allows no illegal searches or seizures |
| 5th | amendment that gives you the right to due process, no double jeopardy, and no self-incrimination |
| 6th | amendment that gives the right to a speedy and public trial |
| 7th | amendment that gives you the right to a trial by jury |
| 8th | amendment that allows no cruel or unusual punishment |
| 26th | amendment that gives 18 yrs. old and up the right to vote |
| Supreme Court | the highest court in the United States of America |
| Dual Court system | two seperate court systems: national/federal and the state judiciary |
| judicial activism | Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values. |
| writ of certiorari | Order by the Supreme Court directing a lower court to send up the records of a case for review |
| 13th | amendment banning slavery in the US |
| 14th | amendment making all citizens equal; if you are born in the US you are a natural born citizen; right to privacy |
| 15th | amendment allowing all men the right to vote, no matter race or ethnicity |
| 22nd | amendment denying a president the ability to run for more than 2 terms of office, or 10 years |
| 27th | amendment laying out the possibility for congressional pay raises |
| iron triangle | a close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group |
| parliamentary monarchy | A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament |
| pardon | the act of excusing a mistake or offense |
| slander | words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another |
| libel | false and defamatory printed (or written) statement |
| symbolic speech | nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some speech protection under the first amendment. |
| Watergate | a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice |
| Brown v. Board of Education | court found that segregation was a violation of the Equal Protection clause "separate but equal" has no place |
| Roe v. Wade | (1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy |
| marbury v. madison | This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review |
| griswold v. connecticut | Established that there is an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution |
| dred scott v. sanford | Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens |
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