Nutrition
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Created by:
rachel147440 on May 24, 2011
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Description:
A simple set made using a test given to our tutor group at our first tutorial, on the basics of nutrition.
Classes:
BOOK 1 (May), Human Biology SK277 2012 (group started by May), SK277
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nutrition | Study of the influence of nutrients on the body. Can also mean food or diet. |
| Nutrients | Substances in food that provide the body with the energy and materials needed for growth, repair and reproduction and also the substances required for the regulation of the processes. |
| Diet | Range of food and drinks consumed by an individual or group of individuals. It should provide the nutrients needed for growth and energy. |
| Protein | Large naturally occurring macromolecule formed from a particular sequence of 20 amino acids. |
| Carbohydrates | Compounds that have atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1C:2H:1O. Includes sugars and polysaccharides. Many provide the body with energy. |
| Lipids | Hydrophobic organic molecules that form large aggregates. Includes fats and oils (triacylglycerols), phospholipids, steroids. Serve a variety of functions in the body. |
| Minerals | Elements needed in the diet other than the major organic nutrients. |
| Vitamins | Chemically diverse group of organic molecules found in a variety of foods. Required in very small amounts in the diet. |
| Water | Crucial to life. Acts as a solvent for other molecules to dissolve in. |
| Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) | Recommended intake levels for all nutrients and energy for males and females throughout life. |
| Malnutrition | Lack of adequate supply of any of the six major nutrients. |
| Essential Nutrients | Must be supplied in the diet. Cannnot be made in the body. |
| Fibre | Non-digestable carbohydrate of various types. Major constituent is non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) eg. cellulose. Also called roughage. |
| BMI (Body Mass Index) | Index that indicates whether an individual is a healthy weight for their height. |
| Obesity | Body weight that is elevated above the desirable level to an extent that it is associated with serious increased risk to health. Having a BMI of 30+. |
| Kwashiorkor | Protein deficiency in children. Characterised by oedema, lack of energy, arrested growth, severe liver damage, loss of weight, loss of skin pigment. |
| Atherosclerosis | An abnormal circulatory condition characterized by deposits of fat, fibrin, cellular debris and calcium salts on the inside of artery walls. Build up of these deposits can block small areteries directly or by providing a surface where a blood clot (thrombus) can form. |
| Diverticular Disease | Gastrointestinal disorder in which parts of the gut wall are deformed into small pockets. These pockets may form due to the intestinal walls pushing gainst hard, compacted gut contents, as occurs with low fibre diets. |
| Goitre | Visible swelling in the neck region caused by an increase in size of the thyroid gland. Can be due to dietary iodine deficiency. |
| Pellagra | Disorder due to niacin deficiency. Symptoms can include red skin where exposed to sunlight, anorexia, mental disturbances. |
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