CHS Final Exam Mendelian Genetics
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Created by:
cheltenham on May 24, 2011
Description:
This section of the test will include a large number of genetic crosses!
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genotype | an individual's genetic information (example- GG) |
| Phenotype | a physical characteristic |
| homozygous | having two of the same alleles |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles |
| incomplete dominance | when the heterozygous individual has a phenotype that is an intermediate between the two homozygous individuals (red, pink, white) |
| codominance | when the heterozygous individual has a phenotype that shows both alleles completely (Type AB blood) |
| complete dominance | when the heterozygous individual has the same phenotype as the homozygous dominant individual |
| polygenic trait | trait determined by multiple gene pairs (example - skin tone, human height, eye color) |
| Independent Assortment | homologous chromosomes randomly line up with their partners on the equator during meiosis I (use the FOIL method to illustrate this) |
| Sex-linked Trait | trait determined by a gene on a sex chromosome (usually the X) |
| Autosomal Trait | trait determined by a gene on an autosomal chromosome (sex does not influence how the genes are passed) |
| Segregation | the process of homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis (anaphase I) |
| multiple alleles | three of more versions of a gene (example: three different alleles for ABO blood type) |
| Karyotype | picture of an individual's chromosomes; used to diagnose disorders such as Downs Syndrome |
| Hemophilia | a sex-linked disorder that results from missing blood clotting proteins; leads to excessive bleeding |
| DMD | a sex-linked disorder that results from the lack of dystrophin during muscle production |
| Cystic Fibrosis | an autosomal recessive disorder that results in a thick mucus build-up that clogs the respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems |
| Huntington's Disease | a autosomal dominant disorder that doesn't show symptoms until the individual is in his/her 30s or 40s |
| Mendel | Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884) |
| Hemizygous | only carrying one copy of a gene (for example: males are ______ for sex-linked traits |
| carrier | an individual who carries a copy of a genetic disorder but does not have the disorder (Dd) |
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