5 Written Questions

1. Situated just after the junction between the small intestine and the caecum, it's role is not clear and can be removed without causing any ill effects. Contains an abundance of lymphoid tissue in young children.
2. A ring of muscle, normally closed that protects the oesophagus from the acidic contents of the stomach. Under the control of the enteric nervous system.
3. The first part of the gut through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
4. A non-essential bag-like organ, used for the storage of bile between meals. Can be removed provided there is no damage to the hepatic duct.
5. The main excretory duct of the liver, which joins the cystic duct of the gall bladder to form the bile duct.

5 Matching Questions

1. ileocaecal sphincter
2. tongue
3. bile duct
4. ileum
5. stomach

1. a Muscular, bag-like organ where the breakdown of food into a soup-like mixture called chyme occurs, as a result of mixing with hydrochloric acid secreted by cells of the gastric epithelium. Protein digestion, by the enzyme pepsin, also begins here.
2. b Large muscular structure, plays an important role in mastication, moves food around in the mouth and into a bolus to initiate swallowing.
3. c Ring of smooth muscle separating the large and small intestine. Prevents chyme from passing back into the small intestine when the large intestine is distended.
4. d The duct which drains into the duodenum carrying bile, an exocrine secretion produced in the liver.
5. e Final and longest portion of the small intestine; from the Greek eilos, meaning twisted. Provides reserve capacity for the first two parts of the small intestine, involved in the absorption of nutrients.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Initial section of the large intestine containing large amounts of bacteria aiding in the enzymatic breakdown of materials such as NSP's.
   1. caecum
   2. anus
   3. rectum
   4. ileum
2. Intermediate portion of the small intestine, where the majority of the absorption of nutrients is achieved, lined with villi to increase the surface area of the epithelium.
   1. anus
   2. jejunum
   3. rectum
   4. ileum
3. Ring of smooth muscle, opens to allow secretions from the pancreas and liver to enter the duodenum.
   1. sphincter of Oddi
   2. pancreas
   3. pancreatic duct
   4. anal sphincter
4. Final portion of the rectum where the presence of faeces trigger the urge to defaecate via the activation of stretch receptors.
   1. anus
   2. anal canal
   3. trachea
   4. pancreas
5. The final section of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated
   1. ileum
   2. caecum
   3. teeth
   4. rectum

5 True/False Questions

1. small intestine → A tube like organ with a large diameter, the final section of the digestive tract involved in the absorption of water, salts and vitamins. Populated by bacteria which produce a number of vitamins for absorption.

   True        False

2. pancreatic duct → The main excretory duct of the liver, which joins the cystic duct of the gall bladder to form the bile duct.

   True        False

3. trachea → The final section of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated

   True        False

4. mouth → Hard, enamel covered structures important for breaking food into smaller pieces that can then be mixed with saliva.

   True        False

5. colon → The opening section of the digestive tract, where food is broken down into small pieces making it more accesible to digestive enzymes. Also intiates the production of digestive enzymes via nerve impulses relayed to the brain when the presence of food is detected (taste and pressure).

   True        False