Biology Vocab Lap 5 & 6
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 histone | helpsmaintain the shape of a chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA |
| nonhistone protiens | controlsthe activity of specific regions of DNA. |
| chromatid | chromatid is one-half of a chromosome |
| centromere | is the area of a chromatid that holds the two chromatids in a chromosome together |
| sex chromosone | is a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism |
| autosome | is any other chromosome |
| diploid cell | has both chromosomes in each homologous pair |
| haploid cell | has only one chromosome in each homologous pair. |
| telophase | it is a phase of mitosis, and the other three are phases of interphase |
| interphase | it is a phase of the cell cycle, and the other three are phases of mitosis. |
| binary fission | it pertains to prokaryotes, and the other three pertain to eukaryotes. |
| spindle fibers | it pertains to nuclear division, and the other three pertain to cytoplasmic division. |
| Vesicles | vesicles are organelles, some of which participate in cytoplasmic division, and the other three are involved in nuclear division. |
| oogenesis | Oogenesis is the production of mature egg cells, or ova. |
| tetrad | A tetrad is a pair of homologous chromosomes lined up next to each other during prophase I of meiosis. |
| independent assortment | Independent assortment is the random separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I |
| polar bodies | Polar bodies are haploid offspring cells produced by meiosis during oogenesis |
| purine | A purine is a nitrogenous base with two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Examples may include adenine or guanine. |
| purine | A pyrimidine is a nitrogenous base with one ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Examples may include cytosine or thymine. |
| complementary base-pair | A complementary base-pair is a pair of nitrogenous bases connected to each other by hydrogen bonds. Examples may include adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine. |
| nitrogenous base | A nitrogenous base is a base in DNA containing nitrogen and carbon. |
| replication fork | A replication fork is a Y-shaped region that results when the two strands of DNA separate during replication. |
| helicase | A helicase is an enzyme that separates the strands of DNA during replication. |
| Semi-conservative replication | Semi-conservative replication produces a new DNA molecule with one original strand and one new strand. |
| codon | is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid or a start or stop signal. |
| Translation | Translation is the process of assembling polypeptides |
| anticodon | anticodon is a sequence of three tRNA nucleotides that pairs with a specific codon. |
| F1 generation | The F1 generation consists of the offspring of a cross between two parents |
| F2 generation | F2 generation consists of the offspring of a cross between two individuals in the same F1 generation. |
| dominant | dominant factor is one that masks the effect of another factor for the same characteristic |
| recessive | a recessive factor is one whose effect is masked by another factor for the same characteristic. |
| self-pollination | Self-pollination occurs between flowers on the same plant. |
| cross-pollination | cross-pollination occurs between flowers on different plants |
| complete dominance | kind of dominance where in the dominant allele completley makes the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygos condition |
| incomplete dominance | is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completley dominate over the other allele |
| codominance | refers to a relationship between two alleles of a gene |
| germ-cell mutation | A germ-cell mutation occurs in one of an organism's gametes. |
| somatic-cell mutation | somatic-cell mutation occurs in one of the other cells in an organism's body. |
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