Chapter 22 content *unfinished*
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Why did the Qing Dynasty decline? | external (western) forces and internal problems |
| What are some examples of internal problems in the Qing Dynasty? | - rapid population - official corruption - peasant unrest - incompetance - incompetance at the court |
| What was the led up to the Opium War? | between the British and the Chinese, Brits pushed illegal opium into China causing unrest |
| What role did Lin Zexu play in the time leading up to the Opium War? | - Chinese leader - issued penalties on opium smokerws - arrested dealers - seized supplies from importers |
| How did the Brits react to the seizing of their imports? | naval expedition |
| When did the Opium War begin and end? | 1839-1842 |
| WHat was the name of the treaty that concluded the Opium War? | The Treaty of Nanjing |
| What were the components of the Treaty of Nanjing? | - the Chinese agreed to open 5 coastal ports - Chinese agreed to limit limit tariffs on imported British goods - Chinese granted extraterritorial rights to British citizens in China - China had to pay substantial indemnities to cover war costs - China cede Hong Kong to Brits |
| After the Opium War... | - China brought the Opium problem under control in the 20th century - China still resisted Western influence |
| What was the Taiping Rebellion a result of? | - internal problems - Western incursion |
| Who was Hong Xiquan? | leader of the Taiping Rebellion, considered himself the "brother of Jesus" |
| Why did the Chines fail to deal with their internal problems? | problems with western countries took up their focus |
| What was the Treaty of Tianjin (1886) a result of? | British and French rebellion against trade restrictions |
| What were the results of the Treaty of Tianjin? | - legalization of Opium trade - Chinese opened up 10 additional ports - ceded Kowloon to the Brits and northern territory to Russia |
| What was the slogan that summed up how the Chinese attempt to reform? | "East for Essence, West for Practical Use", which basically means that the Chinese would keep their values but try to modernize |
| Who was Wang Tao? | a Chinese reformer, forged a bridge between the East and the West, also translated many English books into Chinese |
| Who was Zhang Zhidong? | Chinese leader, advocate of controlled reform |
| How did the West begin to break up the Chinese empire? | - freed Tibet - Started Spheres of Influence |
| What was the result of the Sino-Japanese War? | Japs easily defeat Chinese, Germany stepped in and took territory |
| What was the 100 Days Reform? | - the idea of Kang an advisor of Guangxu, the child emperor - basically a reform movement but it was short lived because the empress Cixi brought it to an end |
| What were John hay's Open Door Notes? | - policy that suggested peaceful and equal trading in China amongst European powers - on the surface seemed like a diplomatic policy but it was really just saying "Hey guys let's rape China equally, not fight over it!" |
| What was the Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901)? | - started by the Righteous Fists of Harmony in protest of imperialism in China |
| How did the Boxer Rebellion end? | imperialists crushed the rebellion and China had to pay indemnities |
| What were the problems with the reforms the empress Cixi eventuall embraced? | -elitist class was unhappy that changes were advisory (policies, not official laws) and not legislative (laws) - invested in foreign banks not their own, bad for their economy - lower and middle class generally did not like reforms |
| Who was Sun Yat-Sen? | Formed the Revive China Society, very influential, also formed the secret Revolution Alliance |
| What was the "Three People Principle" of nationalism of the Revolution Alliance? | 1) elimination of Manchu rule over China 2) establishment of democracy 3) people's livelihood |
| What was the plan of the Revolution Alliance? | a 3 stage process beginning with a military takeover and ending with the establishment of a constitutional monarchy |
| What was the Revolution of 1911? | revolution initiated by the Revolution Alliance, less of a revolution, more of a collapse of the old order |
| What were the problems with the Revolution of 1911? | - Sun was not there - the government and rebels lacked leadership |
| Where was Cixi during the Revolution of 1911? | she died |
| Who did the rebels of the 1911 revolution turn to? | Gen. Shikai, who became the president of the new Chinese Republic |
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