Final Test Mod 2
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156 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cyan/o | Blue |
| Cyanosis | is blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood. |
| Erythr/o | Red |
| Erythrocyte | is a mature red blood cell |
| Leuk/o | white |
| Leukocyte | is a white blood cell |
| Melan | black |
| Melanosis | is any codition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs |
| Poli/o | gray |
| poliomyelitis | is a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| Pathology | Is the study of all aspects of diseases |
| path | disease |
| -necrosis | is the tissue death of an artery or arteries |
| Cranial cavity | which is located within the skull surrounds and protects the brain. |
| Cranial | mean pertaining to the skull |
| spinal cavity | which is located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
| Ventral cavity | which is located along the front of the body contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis |
| Pelvic cavity | is the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
| Abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of digestion. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen |
| Hypochondriac regions | are located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs |
| Retroperitoneal | located behind the peritoneum |
| Recessive gene | is inherited from both parents , the offspring will have that condition. |
| Sickle cell anemia | is a group of inheried red blood cell disorders that are transmitted by a recessive gene. When this gene is transmitted by both parents the child will have it |
| genome | is the complete set of genetic information of an individual . The formed to study this genetic code in all people and found that it is over 99% identical among humans throughout the world. |
| Chromosomes | are the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell. It made up of the DNA molecules containing the body's genes |
| Deoxyribonucleid acid | DNA stand for |
| DNA | basic structure of the it molecule, which is located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell |
| Epithelial tissues | form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body . These tissues also form glands |
| Adenoma | is a benign tumor that arises in , or resembles , glandular tissue |
| Adenosis | is any disease condition of a gland |
| Blood transmission | is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood. |
| Thoratic cavity | known as the rib cage,is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs |
| Spinal column | Known as the vertebral column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord . |
| Sponedylitis | is inflammation of vertebrae |
| Patella | known as the kneecap is the bony anterior portion of the knee |
| Chiropractor | degree and specialized in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine |
| Orthopedic surgeon | Known as orthopedist, specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders involving the bones, joints and muscles |
| Osteopath | degree and useds traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation |
| Podiatrist | degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot |
| DP | Doctor of podiatry |
| DPM | doctor of podiatric medicine |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | commonly known by its abbrevation , RA is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. |
| Kyphosis | is an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side |
| Lordosis | is an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Scoliosis | is an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine |
| osteomyelitis | is an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone . The bacterial infection that causes osteomyelitis often originates in another part of the body and spreads to the bone via the blood. |
| Talipes | known as clubfoot, describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus |
| Bone scans | a form of nuclear medicine and for bone density testing .Detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis |
| Arthrolysis | is the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint |
| closed reduction | known as manipulation, is the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture of join dislocation. The affected bone is returned to this normal anatomic alignment by manually applied forces and then is usually immobilized to maintain the realigned position during healing |
| Origin | which is the less moveable attachment is the place where the muscle begins.It located nearest in the midline of the body or on a less moveable part of the skeleton |
| Oblique | means slanted or at an angle. As an example , the external and internal muscles have a slanted alignment |
| Rectus | means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body |
| triceps branchii | known as the triceps, This muscle of the posterior upper arms extends the elbows |
| Rheumatologist | is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fribomyalgia, and tendonitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues. |
| Dystonia | is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| Spasmodic torticollis | known as Wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side. |
| Spasmodic | relating to a spasm |
| toticollis | contraction or shortening of the muscles of the neck |
| Hypokinesia | abnormally decreased muscle function or activity |
| Myoparesis | is a weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| Hemiplegia | is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body . |
| Tenodesis | is the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| Tenotomy | known as a tendotomy is the surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle, such as strabismus |
| Red bone marrow | which is located within the spongy bone is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells hemoglobin, white blood cells and thrombocytes |
| Carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| Card | heart |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| Bacterial endocarditis | Inflammation of the lining of valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream |
| Myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium |
| Pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium that causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac |
| ventricular fibrillation | known as V Fib , is the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles. Instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively. This condition is the cause of many sudden cardiac deaths. |
| Aneurysm | is a localized weak spot , or ballon like enlargement , of the wall of an artery . The rupture of it can be fatal because of the rapid loss of blood. |
| cholesterol lowering drugs | such as statins are used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undersirable cholesterol levels in the blood |
| Tissue palsminogen activator | is a thrombolytic that is administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke. if administered within a few hours after symptoms begin, this medication can dissolve the damaging blood clots. |
| Complement | is a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form and are activated by contact with nonspecific antigens such as foreign blood cells or bacteria. It then marks these foreigh invaders and attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens |
| Allergy | known as hypersensitvity, is an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen |
| Lymphoma | is a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues |
| Hodgkin's lymphona | known as Hodgkins disease , is distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphcytes known as reed-sternberg cells |
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma | known as Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in the milk duct breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue. This form of cancer accounts for the majority of all breast cancers |
| Atel/o | ectosis |
| bronchietaiss ectasisi | enlargment of bronchi is common chronic infection |
| olfactory receptors | are nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell . They are also important to the sense of taste |
| Pharynx | is commonly known as the Throat , receives the air after it passes thought the nose . It made up of three divisions |
| Influenza | known as the flu, is acute highly contagious viral respiratiory infection that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months |
| Dysphonia | is any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boys voice during puberty |
| Nebulizer | known as an atomizer , pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouth piece. |
| Pharyngotomy | is a surgical incision of the pharynx |
| Dysphagia | is difficulty is swallowing |
| Gingivitis | is the earliest stage of periodontal disease and the inflammation affects only the gums |
| Bulimia nervosa | is a eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misue of laxatives. diuretics or other medications |
| Emesis | known as vomitig is the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth. Note that it is used both as a stand alone term and a suffix |
| Diverticulitis | is the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
| Ascites | is an abnormal accumulation serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Serous | a substance having a watery consistency |
| Caput medusae | describes the distended and engorged veins that are visible radiating from the umbilicus |
| Hobnail liver | describes the lumpy appearance of the liver surface due to cirrhosis |
| Gastrostomy tube | is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach. This tube , which is placed permanently, provides nutrition for patients who can't swallow or take sufficient nutrients by mouth |
| Gastric bypass surgery | surgically makes the stomach smaller and causes food to bypass the first part of the small intestine. This procedure in not reversible. |
| Gastroduodenostomy | is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum |
| Anastomosis | is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structure |
| Ileectomy | is the surgical removal of the ileum |
| Colostomy | is the surgical creation of an artificial excretoy opening between the colon and the body surface |
| Uremia | known as uremic poisoning , is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood |
| Acute renal failure | has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia .It can be fatal if not reversed promptly |
| Dysuria | is difficult or painful urination |
| Dialysis | is a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function |
| Lithotripsy | mean to crush a stone |
| Amytrophic lateral sclerosis | known as Lou Gehrig's Disease is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. Patient affected with this condition become progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed and die |
| anesthetic | is the medication used to induce anesthesia. It may be topical, local , regional , or general |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | GAD stand |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | characterized by chronic anxiety plus exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke these feeling . Physical symptoms associated with this condition. include muscle tension, sleep disturbance and restlessness |
| Hallucination | is a sensory perception (sight, touch, sound, smell, or taste) experienced in the absence of an external stimulation. |
| Lacrimal canal | consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye. These ducts collect tears and empty then into the lacrimal sacs. Crying is the overflowing of tears from the lacrimal canals |
| Convergence | is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other . This occurs in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer. |
| Macular degeneration | is a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged resulting in the loss of central vision but not in total blindness |
| Astigmatism | is a conditon in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea |
| Laser Retinopexy | is used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment |
| Meniere syndrome | is a rare chronic disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo ,a fluctuating hearing loss |
| crust | known as Scab, is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| Cysts | is a abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or a semisolid material. |
| Fissure | is a groove or crack-like break in the skin. It commonly present between the toes. The term also describes normal folds in the contours of the brain. |
| Lupus erythematosus | Known as LUPUS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red,scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. In addition to the skin this condition also attacks the connective tissue in the other body systems especially in the joints |
| psoriasis | is a common skin disorder characterized by flare ups in which red papules covered with slivery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp back or buttocks |
| Pediculosis | is an infestation with LICE . It eggs, known as NITS must be destroyed in order to get rid of the infestation. |
| Actinic keratosis | is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun damaged skin. It often looks like a red scaly patch and feels like sandpaper |
| Malignant melanoma | known as MELANOMA us a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes. Is the most serious type of skin cancer and often the first signs are changes in the size shape or color of amole |
| Topical | Pertain to medication that is applied to the affected area. Example cream or lotion |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | ACTH stand for |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | help control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted. |
| Estrogen | develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle. |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | in the female stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs). In the male, stimulates the production of sperm |
| Growth hormone (GH) | Regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues |
| Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) | Stimulate the secretion of the hormone required to maintain pregnancy |
| Insulin | regulates the transport of glucose to body cell and stimulates the conversation of excess glucose to glycogen for storage |
| Luteinizing hormone | in the female Stimulates ovulationa in the male stimulates testosterone secretion |
| Oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth. It also causes milk to flow from the mammary glands after childbirth |
| Parathyroid hormone | Works with calcitonin to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues |
| Progesterone | Completes preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy |
| Thryroid stimulating hormone | stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thryroid gland. |
| Tetany | is the condition of periodic painful muscle spasms and tremors |
| Prostate gland | lies under the bladder and surround the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra. During ejaculation the prostate gland secretes a thick alkaline fluid into the semen that aids the motility of the sperm |
| Cryptorchidism | known as an UNDESCENDED TESTICLE , is a developmental defect in which one or both of the testicle fail to descend into their normal position in the scrotum |
| Priapism | is a painful erection that last 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement. This condition can be caused by medications or by blood related disease such as sickle cell anemia or leukemia |
| testicular torsion | is a sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle |
| Genital herpes | is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 . Symptoms include itching or burning before the appearance of lesions (sores) this condition is highly contagious at all time, including when visible lesions are not present . Antiviral drugs, easy symptoms and can suppress future outbreaks; however currenlty there is no cure |
| Labia Majora & Labia Minora | are the vaginal lips that protect the other external genitalia and the urethral meatus |
| fimbriae | are the fringed, finger-like extensions of this opening. Their role is to catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary |
| Fibrocystic breast disease | is the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts. this condition occurs more frequently in older women |
| menometrorrhagia | known as Intermenstrual bleeding , is excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of mestrual periods and at other irregular intervals |
| Eclampsia | which is a more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma. Treatment for this conditions is delivery of the fetus . |
| Diagnostic Imaging system | capsule is inserted vetrived via a tube,that passes through the esophagus and stomach |
| Morphine | narcotic analgesic |
| phon/o | sound , voice, voice box |
| -pnea | breathing |
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