The Circulatory System
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Created by:
bomakiamnart on May 25, 2011
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Description:
Lap 15
Final Exam
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 myocardium | thick middle muscle layer of the heart |
| atrium | upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the rest of the body |
| ventricle | lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body |
| valve | flap of connective tissue located between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents back flow of blood |
| pulmonary circulation | path of circulation between the heart and lungs |
| systemic circulation | path of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body |
| pacemaker | small group of cardiac muscle fibers that maintains the heart's pumping rhythm by setting the rate at which the heart contracts the sinoatrial (SA) node |
| artery | large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body |
| vein | blood vessel that carries blood from the body back to the heart |
| 4 Things that the Circulatory System Does | 1. Transports oxygen 2. Transports nutrients 3. Transports other substances throughout the body 4. Removes wastes from tissues |
| Which arteries are the only ones that carry oxygen-poor blood? | pulmonary arteries |
| Describe arteries. | thick elastic walls; 3 layers of tissue (connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium); carry oxygen-rich blood |
| Describe capillaries. | smallest blood vessels; so narrow that blood cells pass through single file; allow gas exchange |
| Describe veins. | located near/between skeletal muscles; contain valves; move blood towards the heart |
| blood pressure | a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts |
| systolic pressure | the force in the arteries when the ventricles contract; pressure when heart beats; top number |
| diastolic pressure | the force in the arteries when the ventricles relax; pressure when heart rests; bottom number |
| plasma | straw-colored liquid portion of the blood |
| red blood cell (erythrocyte) | blood cell containing hemoglobin that carries oxygen; most numerous blood cell; made in bone marrow; live 120 days; filtered out by liver and spleen |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and transports it to the body |
| white blood cell (leukocyte) | type f blood cell that guards against infection, fights parasites, and attacks bacteria; may live for years; engulf invaders; produce antibodies; release chemicals against infection |
| platelet (thrombocyte) | cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting; made in bone marrow; live 5-9 days |
| lymph | fluid that is filtered out of the blood |
| atherosclerosis | condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up inside artery walls and eventually cause the arteries to stiffen |
| What happens to platelets when the come in contact with broken blood vessels? | they become sticky and cluster around the wound; they release clotting factors (proteins) that start reactions |
| Describe the 3-Step Process of Blood Clotting | 1. Capillary Wall Breaks: a blood vessel is injured by a cut or scrape 2. Platelets Take Action: platelets clump at the site and release the clotting factor thromboplastin, which triggers a series of reactions; thromboplastin converts the protein prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin 3. Clot Forms: thrombin converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into insoluble, sticky fibrin filaments, which from the clot; the clot seals the damaged area and prevents further loss of blood |
| 3 Roles of the Lymphatic System | 1. Circulation 2. Nutrient Absorption 3. Immunity |
| Where does lymph collect? | in a system of lymphatic capillaries that become large lymph vessels |
| Is lymph pumped? | no; vessels have valves that prevent lymph from back flow |
| What is the purpose of the ducts in the lymphatic system? | return lymph to blood through openings in subclavian veins below shoulders |
| What do lymph vessels pick up alongside the intestines? Where do they transport these nutrients to? | fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive tract; the bloodstream |
| What do lymph nodes do? | filters that trap microorganisms, stray cancer cells, and debris as lymph flows through them; white blood cells in lymph nodes engulf/destroy cellular "trash" |
| What are the roles of the thymus and spleen in the lymphatic system? | T lymphocytes mature in thymus to function in the immune system; spleen filters blood and removes old/damaged blood cells and stores platelets |
| antibodies | specific, y-shaped molecules; receptors fit antigens on invader |
| antibodies | clump invaders |
| vaccine | small dose of infection is given to the body to produce antibodies and prevent the disease from affecting the person again |
| booster | additional dose of an immunizing agegiven at a time period of weeks to years after the initial dose to sustain the immune response elicited by the first dose |
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