| Term | Definition |
| adult polycystic kidney disease | inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney |
| glomerulonephritis | form of nephritis involving the glomerulus |
| hydronephrosis | dilation and pooling of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction in the outflow of urine |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| nephrosis | degenerative disease of he renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | presence of renal stone or stones caused by mineral builup in the kidneys |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| urethral stenosis | narrowed condition of the urethra |
| urinary tract infection | invasion of bacteria in the structures of the urinary tract |
| uremia | excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure |