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pharynx passageway for air and food tidal volume the amount of air that moves in or out during a single respiration cycle vital capacity maxium amount of air a prson can exhale after taking the deepest breathe possible nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx upper respiratory tract larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs lower respiratory tract thyroid cartilage largest cartilage is called what also known as adams apple vocal chords inside of larynx, two pair of folds of muscle and connective tissue covered with mucous membrane make up the what? glottis triagluar slit that air passes through epiglottis closes the glottis off when swallowing alveoli where does actual gas exchange take place ventilation the movement of air in and out of the lungs atmospheric pressure the force that moves air into the lungs surfactant keeps the alveoli from sticking to each other tidal volume volume of air that enters and leave th elungs during one respiratory cycle inspiratory reserve volume additional volume that can be inhaled by forced inspiration expiratory reserve volume additional volume that cna be exhaled by force expiration residual volume air remaining in bronchial tree after exhalation carbon dioxide control levels of oxygen in blood carbon dioxide, oxygen, blood pH 3 things that affect breathing alveoli only site of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood alveolar duct alveoli are tiny sacs delivered at the distal ends of what? hemoglobin 98% of oxygen is carried in blood bound to what epiglottis the portions of the laynx that prevent foriegn objects from entering the trachea are the ? cartilaginous rings the trachea is maintained in an open position by visceral pleura serous membrane covering the lungs is the