Oxygen Delivery, Acute Responses
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Created by:
Chudd on May 26, 2011
Description:
Here are some flash cards to assist you with the SAC 3 coming up next week
Classes:
Yr 12 Physical Education @ McKinnon
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Acute Responses | Acute responses are the bodys immediate, short-term responses that last only for the duration of the training or exercise session and for a short time period afterwards. |
| Heart Rate (HR) | The number of heart beats per minute |
| Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) | Max heart rate is the highest HR value acheived. general rule is 220 - age |
| Stroke Volume (SV) | Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped per beat (ml) |
| Cardiac Output (Q) | Cardiac output (Q) is the amount of blood pumped per minute. (L/min) |
| Increased HEART RATE as a response to exercise | During excercise,heart rate increases as a response to the extra energy required by the body. This increased heart rate helps to increase oxygen delivery required by the body and aids in the removal of waste products from muscles to the body. |
| Lungs | two saclike respiratory organs in the thorax, where oxygen travels to once breathed in. |
| Increased CARDIAC OUTPUT as a response to exercise | increased cardiac output is a response to exercise as the oxygen demand is higher and the heart needs to pump more blood around the body to carry the oxygen to the working muscles |
| Blood Pressure | blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against the arterial walls as it is forced through the circulatory system by the action of the heart. |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Is the pressure exerted by the heart with every contraction of the heart, it's the pressure that is applied to the blood that is sent out of the heart via the arteries and around the body. Changes due to a change in exercise intensity. |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Is the blood pressure recorded during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle. It is the lower of the two blood pressure values. |
| Vasodilation | The opening of blood vessels too allow increased blood flow. |
| Vasoconstriction | Vasoconstriction is the process where blood vessels narrow or constrict as a response to a decreased demand for oxygen delivery to muscle tissue. |
| Redistribution of Blood Flow as a response to exercise | during excercise, blood is redistributed to the working muscles as the demand for oxygen at the working muscles has increased. The body vasodilates vessels leading towards the working muscles to ensure more blood travels in that direction. |
| Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference (a-VO2 diff) | It is a measure of the difference in the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and the concentration of oxygen in the venous blood |
| Left Ventricle of heart | the left ventricle of heart is where all the oxygenated blood flows through, and is then pumped aroung the body |
| Arteries | Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This blood is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries |
| Arterioles | Are branches of blood vessels stemming from a large artery |
| Capillaries | Are the smallest blood vessels after the network of vessels has branched down into tiny, thin vessels. Due to their small size, capillaries allow gas to be exchanged across their walls. This occurs at the alveoli (where O2 diffuses into the blood) and also at the muscles (where O2 diffuses into the muscle itself) |
| Veins | veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart from the muscles |
| Venules | Smaller branches of veins, carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart from the muscles |
| Respiratory Frequency/Rate (RR) | Respiratory Frequency/Rate (RR) is the number of breaths per min (bpm) |
| Tidal Volume (TV) | tidal volume is the amount of air inspired per breath (ml) |
| Ventilation (V) | ventilation (V) is the amount of air inspired per min (ml/min) |
| Oxygen Uptake (VO2) | The volume of oxygen up taken at the muscle site. This affectively represents the amount of O2 consumed by the muscles |
| Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2 MAX) | The maximum volume of oxygen up taken at the muscle site per minute. This affectively represents the amount of O2 consumed by the muscles per minute. |
| Increased RESPIRATORY RATE (RR) as a response to exercise | When we begin exercising the breathing rate increases in order to allow more O2 intake |
| Increased TIDAL VOLUME (TV) as a response to exercise | When we begin exercising the size (volume) of each breath increases in order to allow more O2 intake |
| Oxygen Deficit | O2 deficit is when O2 supplied is less than the O2 semand, resulting in a shortfall or a deficit. This represents the anaerobic contribution at the beginning of exercise |
| Steady State | steady state is when the O2 supplied is equal to the O2 demanded |
| Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) | Refers to the increased rate (above what is required by the body) of oxygen intake after exercise. |
| How does BODY SIZE affect VO2 MAX | The bigger your body, the greater your VO2 max is likely to be. Larger people have larger hearts and lungs, and therefore more capacity for oxygen. As well as larger muscle mass, which is of course what is consuming the oxygen |
| How does GENDER affect VO2 MAX | Gender affects VO2 MAX as males generally have larger organs allowing more oxygen to be taken in and send around the body. |
| How do GENETICS affect VO2 MAX | We are all born with a pre-disposed % of slow and fast twitch muscle fibres. If we have more slow twitch fibres then we will have a larger VO2 Max. |
| How does AGE affect VO2 MAX | VO2 max decreases with age. The average rate of decline is generally accepted to be about 1% per year or 10% per decade after the age of 25. The decline in age-related VO2 max can be accounted for by a reduction in maximum heart rate, maximal stoke volume and maximal A-VO2 difference |
| How does TRAINING STATUS affect VO2 MAX | A fitter athlete will have a more efficient respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems |
| Alveoli | alveoli are small air sacs that surround the lungs. O2 fills the tiny sacs where it then diffuses into the capillaries |
| Myoglobin | Myoglobin firstly attracts the O2 into the muscle cell out of the bloodstream, and then transports the O2 within the muscle to the mitochondria |
| Mitochondria | The Aerobic Energy Powerhouse! This is where aerobic energy production takes place. |
| Haemoglobin | The carrier molecule that carries O2 within the bloodstream |
| Arterial Blood | Arterial blood is oxygenated and is sent to the muscles to supply O2. |
| Venous Blood (venous return) | Venous blood transports the deoxygenated blood from the muscles back to the heart |
| Increased STROKE VOLUME as a response to exercise | increased stroke volume is a response to exercise as more blood is needed around the body to transport oxygen to the muscles |
| Heart | bodys vital organ, it pumps blood around the body to transport oxygen |
| Decreased Muscle Energy Stores (ATP, PC, Glycogen) as a response to exercise | As we begin exercising, the fuels that are required for energy production decrease as they are used. |
| Increased Muscle Enzyme Activity as a response to exercise | As we begin exercising, the enzymes responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions speed up their activity |
| Increased Muscle Temperature as a response to exercise | As we begin exercising, the temperature of the muscle increases, improving flexibility and decreasing the chance of injury |
| Increased Motor Unit and Muscle Fibre Recruitment as a response to exercise | More muscle fibres are activated to contract, therefore a benefit to performance as we can create a more forceful contraction. |
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