Loomis Chaffee Spring Chemistry Adv. Exam
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 oxidation | the loss of an election |
| reduction | the gain of an electron |
| colligative property | property that depends on the amount of solute, not the identity |
| vant hoff factor "i" | all properties with the same vant hoff factor act the same |
| Osmotic pressure | the amount of pressure required to stop the process of osmosis |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane |
| reaction mechanism | a series of steps in a chemical reaction |
| rate determining step | the slowest step in a chemical reaction |
| energy of activation | the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur |
| Kinetics | a study of reaction rates |
| rate | the change in concentration with respect to time |
| differential | effect of concentration on rate |
| Integrated | the effect of time on concentration |
| half life | the amount of time it takes for one half of a sample to decompose |
| catalyst | a substance which speeds up a reaction without being consumed itself |
| enzyme | a biological catalyst |
| chemical equilibrium | when the forward rate of reaction is equal to the reverse rate |
| the five percent rule | when x is less than five percent of the concentration it is being subtracted from, you may eliminate X from the denominator of the K expression |
| conjugate base | everything that remains of the acid molecule after a proton is lost |
| polyprotic acid | an acid that has more than one acidic proton |
| Buffer system | a system that resists change in pH |
| cell potential | the pull from anode to cathode |
| molarity | the moles of a solute over the litres of solution |
| mass percent | (mol A/ [Mol A + Mol B]) times 100 |
| mole fraction | (mol A/ [Mol A + Mol B]) |
| molality (m) | mol of solute/ kg of solution |
| Psoln | Xsolvent(Psolvent) |
| VPL | XsolutePsolute |
| Delta Tb | Kb x M x i |
| Delta Tf | Kf x M x i |
| Molar Mass | (Kb x grams of solute) / (Delta Tb x Kg solvent) |
| Pi | MRT |
| First order rate law | k[A] |
| Second order rate law | k[A]^2 |
| Zero Order integrated rate law | [A]= -kT+[A] |
| First Order Integrated rate law | ln[A]= -kT+ln[A] |
| Second order integrated rate law | 1/[A]= kT + (1/[A]) |
| Zero Order half life | t (1/2) = [A]/2K |
| First Order half life | t (1/2) = .693/k |
| Second order half life | t (1/2) = 1/(k[A]) |
| Averate rate | ([A2] - [A1]) / (T2 - T1) |
| K | K=([C]^c[D]^d)/([A]^a[B]^b) |
| Pressure | P=(n/v)RT=CRT |
| Kp | Kp=Kc(RT)^ng |
| pH level | pH=pKa+log(Base/acid) |
| Percent disociation | ([H+ at equilibrum]/[acid at initial])100 |
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