Biology Semester 2
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| gregor mendal | first person to show how traits are transfered from one generation to the next |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| watson and crick | discovered the structure of DNA |
| chargaffs rule | A=T G=C |
| nucleiotide | in a nucleic acid chain a subunit that consits of a sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous |
| protein synthesis | The assembly of chains of amino acids into functional protein molecules |
| transcription | (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA |
| mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| evolution | change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) |
| natural selection | a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
| natural variation | differences among individuals of a species |
| vestigal structure | parts of an organism that are no longer functioning and do not affect survival |
| speciation | formation of new species |
| fossil | preserved remains of ancient organisms |
| sedimentary rock | what type of rock do you find most fossils |
| half life | the time required for something to fall to half its initial value (in particular, the time for half the atoms in a radioactive substance to disintegrate) |
| geoligical time scale | scale used by paleontologists to represent evolutionary time |
| miller and urey | how mixturesof the organic compounds necessary for life could have arisen from similar compounds present on a primitive Earth. What two people said this? |
| photosythetic bacteria | how was oxygen first introduced into the atmosphere |
| taxons | how are things organized for study |
| mass extinction | typically used to mark the end of an era |
| precambrian | prokaryotes and eukaryotes form, single cell life What era? |
| paleozoic | invertebrates and vertebrates, plant life takes over. what era? |
| mesozoic | age of reptiles and mammals, dinosouars appear. what era? |
| cenezoic | mild climate, mammals evolved more. what era? |
| binomial nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name |
| kingdom | which taxon would have the largest variety of organisms? |
| living and non living | difference between abiotic and biotic factors? |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit |
| commensalism | the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it |
| parasitism | one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
| carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| population density | number of individuals per unit area |
| density dependent factors | competition, disease, parasitism, predation are what factors? |
| density independent factors | temperature, storms floods drought, or habitat disruption naturaull disasters, hurricanes, tornadoes are what factors? |
| point and frame shift | what are the two types of gene mutations? |
| archaebacteria | Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan |
| eubacteria | Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan |
| protista | Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi |
| fungi | Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter |
| plantae | Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose |
| animalia | Kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls |
| proferia | filter feeder, no tissue, sesile |
| cnidarions | one body opening used as mouth and butt, 2 layer body, has tissues. has nerve cells, respond to stimuli, all diffirenteated, have tenticals, produce larva that grow asexually |
| platyhelmite | parasites, flat worms, worm bodies |
| annelids | ( tube shaped bodies divided into sections; has a coelom, a body cavity with organs inside;simplest animals with a circulatory system; have specialized organs for digestion; |
| mollusks | invertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies. Often protected by a shell |
| nematodes | round smooth body; have a tube within a tube body plan, separate mouth and anus; no circulatory system; some free living, some parasite |
| echinoderms | invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid-filled tubes called a water vascular system |
| arthropods | invertebrates that have an external skeleton, a segmented body, and jointed leg attachments called appendages |
| chordota | Notochord, Dorsal hollow nerve chord, Pharyngeal gill slits, Neoteny, Amniotic egg, Navel |
| scavengers | organisms that feed on dead or decaying material |
| decomposers | Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms |
| structure of DNA | made up of nucleotide sub-units, two strands of nucleotides; looks like a twisted ladder |
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