Chap 6: Chemistry in Biology
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atoms | the building blocks of matter |
| Neutron | has a neutral charge, and is located in the nucleus |
| Proton | has a positive charge, and is located in the nucleus |
| Electron | has a negative charge, and orbits around the nucleus |
| Elements | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Compounds | a substance formed when two or more elements combine. |
| Covalent bond | formed when electrons are shared between atoms |
| Ionic bond | electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms. |
| Ion | formed when electrons are lost or gained by an atom |
| Chemical reaction | process by which atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances with different properties |
| Reactants | starting substances, side pointing away from the arrow |
| Products | substances formed. the side the arrow is pointing to. |
| Polar molecule | have partial positive and partial negative ends |
| Hydrogen bond | weak attraction between the negative end of one molecule and the positive end of another. |
| Cohesion | water molecules bonding to themselves |
| Adhesion | water molecules bonding to other surfaces. |
| Solution | evenly distributed mixture. |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved in another substance |
| Solvent | the substance in which another substance is dissolved in |
| Acid | any compound that can release hydrogen ions when in solution |
| Base | anything with a pH>7 |
| pH | measure of acid/base strength |
| Buffer | solutions that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH in a particular range (6.5-7.5) |
| Macromolecules | large molecules formed by joining small organic molecules together. |
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