Biology Final Numero 2
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Created by:
walsh_amanda_k on May 30, 2011
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115 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell | the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing |
| Tissue | a group of cells that perform a function |
| Types of tissue | Muscle tissue- must contract and shorten_ Nervous Tissue- directs and controls movements_ Connective Tissue- provides support in your body_ Epithelial Tissue- protects body |
| Organ | a structure composed of tissue |
| Organ System | a group of organs that work together to perform a function |
| Skeleton | made up of all bones in a body |
| Vertebrae | made of 26 smaller bones(backbone) |
| Joint | a place in the body where 2 bones come together |
| Ligament | a strong connective tissue that holds the bones in movable joints together |
| Cartilage | another type of connective tissue that is more flexible then bone and covers the ends of the bones and keeps them from rubbing against each other |
| Compact Bone | located under the bones membrane and is hard and dense, but not exactly solid |
| Spongy Bone | has small spaces in it and is lightweight but very strong |
| Marrow | Red- produces most of the body's blood cells_Yellow- stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve |
| Sprain | occurs when a ligament is stretched too far and tear in places |
| Dislocation | occurs when the bone comes out of its joint |
| Fracture | a break in a bone |
| X-ray | a form of energy that travels in waves |
| MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) | a method for taking clear images of both bones and soft tissues of the body |
| Involuntary Muscles | responsible for such essential activities like breathing and digesting food; cannot control these muscles |
| Voluntary Muscles | under your conscious control |
| Skeletal Muscles | attatched to the bones of your skeleton and provides force that move your bones |
| Tendon | a strong connective tissue that connects muscles to bone |
| Striated Muscle | another word for Skeletal Muscles |
| Smooth Muscles | are in internal organs like the stomach and blood vessels |
| Cardiac Muscles | found only in heart |
| cell membrane | forms the outside boundary of the cell |
| nucleus | control center that directs the cell's activities and contains genetic information. |
| muscle tissue | can contract or shorten |
| nervous tissue | carries electrical messages back and forth in the body |
| connective tissue | provides support and attaches all the body parts |
| epithelial tissue | skin is an example and it protects whiat lies beneath it. |
| homeostasis | body's tendency to keep an internal balance |
| stress | the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
| immovable joint | also called fixed. Connects bones that allow very little to no movement such as in the skull |
| tendon | connective tissue that holds muscles to bone |
| hinge joint | type of joint found in the knee, elbow, toes, and fingers |
| ball and socket joint | type of joint found in the shoulder and hip |
| pivot joint | type of joint found in the neck |
| gliding joint | type of joint found in the wrist and ankle |
| osteoperosis | a condition where the body's bones become weak and break easily |
| skin functions | protection, water loss prevention, regulate body temperature, eliminate wastes, gather information about the environment, and produce vitamin D |
| Vitamin D | made in sunlight by skin and aids in calcium absorption from food to your body |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| dermis | inner layer of skin |
| pores | opening in the skin to release perspiration, oil, and other wastes |
| follicle | hair strands in the dermis |
| melanoma | a type of skin cancer caused by UV rays of the sun |
| compound fracture | a break in the bone where the bone pokes through the skin |
| simple fracture | a complete break in the bone |
| hairline fracture | a crack in the bone. Bone is not broken into two. |
| actin | layer of protein, protein filaments that shorten making the muscle contract (not myosin) |
| myosin | protein filaments that shorten making the muscle contract (not actin) |
| tendon | tissue joining the muscle to the bone |
| skeletal muscle | muscle necessary to move your bones |
| striations | stripes in muscles, caused by actin & myosin |
| cardiac muscle | heart, makes continuous contractions for pumping of the heart |
| smooth muscle | involuntary, in the blood vessels, no control over them, (stomach and intestines) |
| anatomy | form |
| phisiology | function |
| knee ligaments | lets the knee move in many ways, because knee is a hinge joint |
| collateral | ligaments on sides |
| meniscus | shock absorbers |
| cruciate | cross, interior ligament, most vulnerable |
| epiphysis | ends of bones "heads" |
| diaphysis | shaft of bones |
| compact bone | strong, dense bone, gives bone strength, under the periosteum |
| spongy bone | strong, but gives the bone lightness, also for strength |
| marrow | creates blood cells |
| periosteum | outer membrane of bone |
| lamella | layers in bone, circular patterned layers, layed down in bone to make it hard |
| origin | anchor, does not move |
| insertion | muscle attachment into bone that moves |
| levers | bones, simple machines, bones that actually move |
| antagonist muscle | muscles on either side of the bone, one contracts & one relaxes |
| elbow | pivot/fulcrum |
| sprain | injury to a ligament |
| strain | injury to a muscle |
| biceps | antagonist muscle in forearm |
| triceps | antagonist muscle in arm |
| ligament | tissue that holds bone together |
| avulsion | fracture where the muscle pulls away from the periosteum |
| incomplete fracture | fracture that does not go through the bone |
| complete fracture | fracture that goes through the bone |
| spiral fracture | fracture that spirals in the bone |
| compound fracture | bone comes through the skin |
| long bone | the femur bone and the humerus |
| short bone | fingers and phalanx |
| flat bone | breast bone, and sternum |
| irregular bone | wrist, ankle, vertebrae |
| Evolution | The gradual change in traits over time |
| Natural Selection | organisms best suited to environment survive and reproduce |
| Variation | anything that makes an organism different from others |
| Adaptation | A beneficial variation |
| Mutation | permanent change in DNA |
| Extinction | when no more species exist |
| competition | the fight over resources |
| population | a group of the same organisms |
| fossil | a sedimentary stone with an imprint of an organism |
| Darwin | studies variation in the beaks of finches |
| Lamarck | thought non-inherited traits were passed to offspring |
| carbonaceous film | carbon deposit |
| relative age | approximate age |
| fossil | remains of a once living organism |
| radioactivity | breakdown of unstable isotopes into stable atoms |
| mold | imprint of a once living organism |
| isotope | variation in number of neutrons |
| original remains | amber or frozen remains |
| petrified remains | remains replaced by minerals |
| law of superposition | oldest rock layers are under younger ones |
| cast | sediments fill a mold |
| half-life | amount of time for half of a substance to breakdown |
| trace fossil | footprints or animal tracks |
| fossil fuels | natural gas, oil and coal |
| index fossil | organism that lived in a wide area for a short time |
| absolute age | exact age |
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